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Peer reviewedMillar, W. Stuart; Watson, John S. – Child Development, 1979
Findings confirmed that whereas six- to eight-month-old infants revealed reliable acquisition under immediate reinforcement, a three-second delay precluded response acquisition, as did six-second and ten-second delay of reinforcement. A modified delayed-reinforcement scheduling procedure enabled a previous methodological criticism to be…
Descriptors: Feedback, Infants, Nonverbal Learning, Reinforcement
Peer reviewedNelson, Keith E. – Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 1974
Infants ranging in age from six months to eight months were shown repeated instances of real object movement-disappearance-reappearance. Results suggest that the key changes in early cognitive development rest primarily upon the infant's gradual adaptation of old responses through encounters with new events--rather than upon the acquisition of…
Descriptors: Concept Formation, Discrimination Learning, Feedback, Infant Behavior
Peer reviewedSpiker, Charles C.; And Others – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1985
Reports three experiments with kindergartners and first graders which used one-trial multidimensional reasoning tasks like those of Toppino (Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, v30, p496-512, 1980). Feedback information and preliminary experience with simple forms of the task produced high performance levels, and verbal labeling in the…
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Cognitive Processes, Difficulty Level, Feedback
