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Braun, Carl – 1975
Standardized norm-referenced tests have been much maligned in recent years. They differ from criterion referenced tests in that the latter involve assessment in comparison to an absolute standard or specific performance objective while in a norm-referenced test assessment is made in comparison to other students taking the same test. Standardized…
Descriptors: Achievement Tests, Behavioral Objectives, Cognitive Processes, Cognitive Tests
Hunt, J. McVicker – 1973
Arguments for the use of sequential ordinal scales in the observation of infants and young children are based on the tendency of traditional psychometric assessment to distract investigators from discerning structural and hierarchical aspects of development. Norm-referenced testing focuses on interindividual comparisons rather than developmental…
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Cognitive Processes, Criterion Referenced Tests, Developmental Psychology