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Journal of Chemical Education, 1972
Descriptors: Chemistry, College Science, Evaluation, Graduate Study
Bond, Linda A. – 1996
Tests can be categorized into two major groups: norm-referenced tests (NRTs) and criterion-referenced tests (CRTs). NRTs are designed to highlight achievement differences between and among students to produce a dependable rank order of students across a continuum of achievement from high achievers to low achievers. With NRTs, a representative…
Descriptors: Achievement Tests, Criterion Referenced Tests, Elementary Secondary Education, National Norms
Burstein, Leigh – 1990
This paper contends that, apparently, the patterns of above-norm performance that J. Cannell (1987) reported exist, although the extremity of his "Lake Wobegon" effect is perhaps overstated. The use of outdated test norms and other practices has been identified as a partial explanation for the reporting of "above-average"…
Descriptors: Achievement Gains, Achievement Tests, Elementary Secondary Education, National Norms
Helsley, Terry; And Others – 1981
This summary report is intended to provide answers to questions that local school personnel may have concerning the 1980-81 South Carolina Statewide Testing Program. The Comprehensive Tests of Basic Skills, Form S(CTBS/S), which measure reading, language, mathematics, science, social studies, and reference skills, were administered to 134,753…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Achievement Tests, Basic Skills, Compensatory Education
Brooks, Margaret G. – 1987
Results are presented for the 1985-86 administration of achievement tests in the Atlanta (Georgia) Public Schools. The following norm-referenced, standardized tests were administered: California Achievement Tests (CAT) in kindergarten; Iowa Tests of Basic Skills (ITBS) in grades 1 to 8; and Tests of Achievement and Proficiency (TAP) in grades 9 to…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Achievement Tests, Elementary Secondary Education, Local Norms
Petrosky, Anthony R. – 1978
In discussing the third national assessment of reading and literature, four major points can be made. First, norm-referenced tests and criterion-referenced tests ignore serious ethical and measurement problems, namely, we don't know enough about individual differences to do such testing and the outcome, social class tracking, is ethically…
Descriptors: Criterion Referenced Tests, Educational Assessment, Elementary Secondary Education, Evaluation Methods
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Shepard, Lorrie A. – Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 1990
Results of a 1987 report indicating that elementary students of all states were above the national average are assessed. Issues addressed include teaching for standardized tests, the effect of teaching on national norms, and alternatives available to protect the integrity of instruction and the validity of normed test scores. (TJH)
Descriptors: Achievement Tests, Elementary Education, Evaluation Methods, National Norms
South Carolina State Dept. of Education, Columbia. Office of Research. – 1986
The Comprehensive Tests of Basic Skills, Form U, measuring achievement in reading, spelling, language, mathematics, reference skills, science, and social studies, were administered to fourth-, fifth-, seventh-, ninth-, and eleventh-graders from all 92 South Carolina school districts, in Spring, 1986. Results were compared to national norms and to…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Achievement Tests, Basic Skills, Educational Trends
Ryor, John – "Monitor", 1978
In this speech, the president of the National Education Association presents a series of arguments against the development of national educational standards and against the continued use of national, norm-referenced, standardized tests. Eight objections to the use of such tests are noted. Defense of the teaching profession's objections to the…
Descriptors: Criterion Referenced Tests, Cultural Pluralism, Educational Objectives, Educational Testing
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Phillips, Gary W. – Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 1990
In 1987, a survey report by J. Cannell was published criticizing state reports based on national standardized testing of elementary school students that indicated that all 50 states were above the national average. This phenomenon--known as the "Lake Wobegon Effect"--is analyzed. Technical problems with the study are considered. (TJH)
Descriptors: Achievement Tests, Elementary Education, Evaluation Methods, National Norms
Cornett, Lynn M. – 1985
The Chief State School Officers of the Southern Regional Education Board (SREB) have adopted a recommendation calling for comparable state measures of educational progress through multiple indicators, including student achievement. Current state criterion-referenced testing programs provide information regarding specific student skills and…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Comparative Testing, Criterion Referenced Tests, Educational Assessment
Busbee, Cyril B. – 1978
The results and methodology of the South Carolina 1977-78 statewide spring testing program for grades 3, 6, and 11 are presented and discussed. The discussion of the results focuses on a comparison of the 1978 results to national norms, a comparison of 1978 to 1977 results, a performance comparison across grade levels, and a comparison of skill…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Achievement Tests, Age Differences, Basic Skills
Reid, Neil – 1978
Educational standards, student achievement and basic skills are discussed. Various definitions of standards are given, and a definition which encompases individual differences is preferred. Educational research conducted in New Zealand indicates that there has been no sharp decline in academic achievement, although in primary- and…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Academic Standards, Basic Skills, Educational Assessment
Deeter, Thomas; Prine, Don – 1996
As part of its academic testing program and the evaluation of academic achievement, the Des Moines (Iowa) Public School System administers two standardized, norm-referenced achievement tests. These are the Iowa Tests of Basic Skills (ITBS) and the Iowa Tests of Educational Development (ITED). This document provides information regarding…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Achievement Tests, Comparative Analysis, Educational Assessment
McCord, Tom B. – 1977
The Cheyenne Mountain Schools, a small suburban school district in Colorado Springs, Colorado, used the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) data to compare the mathematics achievement of its nine-year-old pupils with pupils of the same age living in similar communities across the United States. Working closely with NAEP personnel,…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Affluent Youth, Elementary Education, Females
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