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Kainulainen, Mikko; McMullen, Jake; Lehtinen, Erno – Cognition and Instruction, 2017
Difficulties with rational numbers have been explained by a natural number bias, where concepts of natural numbers are inappropriately applied to rational numbers. Overcoming this difficulty may require a radical restructuring of previous knowledge. In order to capture this development, we examined third- to fifth-grade students' understanding of…
Descriptors: Numbers, Foreign Countries, Grade 3, Grade 4
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Obersteiner, Andreas; Reiss, Kristina; Ufer, Stefan; Luwel, Koen; Verschaffel, Lieven – Cognition and Instruction, 2014
External number representations are commonly used throughout the first years of instruction. The twenty-frame is a grid that contains two rows of 10 dots each, and within each row, dots are organized in two groups of five. The assumption is that children can make use of these structures for enumerating the dots, rather than relying on one-by-one…
Descriptors: Grade 1, Elementary School Students, Numbers, Number Concepts
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Murata, Aki – Cognition and Instruction, 2004
This study investigated the developmental paths of Japanese Grade 1 students' understanding of quantities through the examination of their addition solution methods over the school year period. The individual students exhibited a wide range of experiences with and knowledge of addition from the beginning to the end of the school year. Students…
Descriptors: Teaching Methods, Grade 1, Arithmetic, Foreign Countries