The author redefines basic numeracy as the ability to use a four-function calculator sensibly. He then defines "sensibly" and considers the place of algorithms in the scheme of mathematical calculations. (MN)

An unusual way of using the long multiplication algorithm to solve problems is presented. It is conceptually harder, since it involves negative numbers but is easier to perform once mastered, since the size of the multiplication table required is smaller than the standard one. (MP)

Argues that the type of calculator that is used in mathematics instruction is very important. Suggests that four-function calculators fail to give correct values of mathematical expressions far more often than do scientific calculators. (PK)

The educational background of students termed "limited English proficient" (LEP) is discussed, with consideration of how that background might affect the LEP student's learning of arithmetic. Reasons why knowledge of background is important are first noted. Then examples of different ways to read and write numerals and differing subtraction and…