Research on mathematical equivalence, and to some extent, on number structure in early grade mathematics, has shown that most students at primary and secondary levels understand these concepts instrumentally rather than relationally. The study reported in this paper uses a design research approach to explore both mathematical equivalence and…

This paper seeks to describe the importance of using the context of a candy shop and how focusing on discourse can deepen place value understanding in the base ten number system. Using the language of pieces (ones), rolls (tens), and boxes (hundreds) helps situate place value in a familiar context for K-2 students. Best practice in mathematics…

Despite the growing attention being paid to teaching mathematics for students with disabilities, the existing research tends to focus on mathematical skill acquisition, but not on skill maintenance. Maintenance of mathematical skills is especially important as mathematics has applications in daily life and is directly related to important life…

As all physicists know, all units are arbitrary. The numbering system is anthropocentric; for example, the Celsius scale of temperature has 100 degrees between the boiling point of water at STP and the freezing point of water. The number 100 is chosen because human beings have 10 fingers. The best units might be based on physical constants, for…

This document compiles an "honest list" of what is needed for adult numeracy. The first section consolidates the four posited Massachusetts Adult Basic Education (ABE) Math Standards into three adult numeracy themes: relevance/connections, problem solving/reasoning/decision making, and communication. A discussion of each theme is followed by some…

Attaining computational fluency is an essential part of students' elementary mathematics education. Offers ways of connecting and balancing understanding and procedures and teaching and assessing computational fluency. (Contains 12 references.) (ASK)

Describes kindergarten teachers' discussions revolving around the strong statement about what children know before they enter kindergarten, the focus on the number strand, the importance of communication in mathematics and the unique communication issues pertaining to young children, and the necessity of offering appropriate support for parents of…

Discusses convergence between instructional practices suggested by research on achievement motivation and practices promoted in mathematics-instruction reform literature by focusing on fourth- through sixth-grade students (N=624) and their teachers (N=24). Concludes that the instructional practices suggested in the literature of both research…

This book reinforces the outstanding work done by the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) in developing curriculum standards for students in kindergarten through fourth grade by discussing the 13 strands of mathematics and their implications for teachers and parents who work with students. It also provides some suggested resources…

Explores how to know when children think mathematically, how to establish a setting that elicits mathematical thinking, and what to learn about children as a result. Fourth grade students think and talk mathematically while tackling a real-life PACKETS program. Addresses content standards involving proportional reasoning as well as the process…

This book is the third in a series of family math books whose aim is to involve parents and their children in middle school mathematics. All the activities contained in this guide are based on the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) Standards, and most activities involve several integrated math concepts rather than isolated skills.…

This kit contains observation matrices for on-going assessment and end of the year evaluation for grades 1 through 8. Each matrix is divided into the areas of numeration, geometry, patterns, measurement, problem solving, data, and computation. Performance indicators indicate four levels of proficiency where Level I indicates minimal performance…

Mathematics learning objectives and specifications for third graders, which are congruent with the Texas "State Board of Education Rules for Curriculum," are presented. They are designed for use by teachers and test development specialists involved with the preparation of the Texas Educational Assessment of Minimum Skills (TEAMS) tests.…

The New Jersey Mathematics Curriculum Framework is based on the "Mathematics Standards" adopted by the New Jersey State Board of Education on May 1, 1996, and is intended to provide guidance to teachers, administrators, and districts that will help them translate a vision of exemplary mathematics education into reality. It includes…

The National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) is the only nationally representative and continuing assessment of what students in the United States know and can do in various academic subjects. The 1996 NAEP in mathematics assessed the current level of mathematical achievement as a mechanism for informing education reform. In 1996, 44…