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Download full textOakhill, Jane; Yuill, Nicola; Garnham, Alan – International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education, 2011
Working memory predicts children's reading comprehension but it is not clear whether this relation is due to a modality-specific or general working memory. This study, which investigated the relations between children's reading skills and working memory (WM) abilities in 3 modalities, extends previous work by including measures of both reading…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Reading Comprehension, Reading Skills, Accuracy
Lewis, J. C. – 1994
Whether boys and girls perform differently on mathematics estimation items with a picture format (applied context [AC] items) compared with items with a numbers-only (NC) format was studied when effects of computational skill, conceptual knowledge, and quantitative ability were controlled. Subjects were approximately 80,000 students from grades 4…
Descriptors: Comparative Analysis, Context Effect, Educational Assessment, Elementary Education
