Clinical scholarship begins with reflective observation of patients but differs from clinical research. It results in knowing based on informed, intelligent, and clinically grounded analysis. It is a more appropriate approach for some kinds of problems. (SK)

The needs for research in nursing practice and for continuing education in clinical nursing are discussed in this paper presented at the 1976 National Conference on Continuing Education in Nursing. (MF)

An attempt is made to explain the nurses' role: what the nurse is, what the nurse does, how the nurse is viewed by society, why nurses suffer burnout, nursing costs, and health care system reform. (CT)

In some instances empathy may serve as a guide to conceptualizing the patient's situation. Empathy is a dangerous notion if it is thought to be mindless, experiential, existential connectedness. Not every nurse-patient encounter will benefit from empathy; some will require theory, applied experience, or even translation or consultation. (MLW)