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Direct linkMarzano, Robert J. – Teacher Educator, 2014
This study examined the use of measures of student learning computed using end-of-year assessments (distal measures) versus measures of student learning associated with a single lesson (proximal measures) as criterion scores for the validity of observations of teachers' pedagogical skills. The validity coefficients computed using distal…
Descriptors: Validity, Measures (Individuals), Teacher Evaluation, Teacher Effectiveness
