Tested the motivational structure of conformity and independent behavior in children aged three to seven years. Results indicated that independent behavior in the classroom can be enhanced if children's traditional submissive position in interaction with adults is replaced by a position of equal partners. (BAC)

Investigated the effectiveness of cognitive and exemplary modeling on 64 college women who failed a water-level task. The model's demonstration was followed with near maximal gains in the correct solution of the water-line problems and in the production of correct justifications. (RJC)

Presents methodological and factual analyses of children's use of imitative speech as a strategy in language acquisition. The impact of conversational interactions and picture-story books on the speech of one girl aged 20 to 32 months is demonstrated. Four methodological problem areas are analyzed. (Author/RH)

Compares the effects of mothers' mode of instruction on their children's memory test performance. Subjects were from the United States and Guatemala. A nongeneral, contextually influenced effect was found only for tests relying on verbal material and for children whose exposure to verbal instruction is not as extreme as in Western culture.…

Appraises the respective contribution of initial competence and of imitation of modeled response in the observational learning of conservation among first grade children. (HOD)