This digest examines three prominent theories that attempt to explain why women are underrepresented in educational administration and develops a three-dimensional matrix as an empowerment perspective. Each of the theories--resocialization, structural barriers, and male dominance--is based on deficiencies in the woman, the system, or the society.…

Results of a 1983 study of freshmen at private black four-year colleges and a comparison to freshmen at all four-year colleges are presented. Attention is directed to the educational, financial, and family backgrounds of the students, as well as their aspirations and interests. Data were obtained from "The American Freshman: National Norms for…

The issue of "Directions" contains nine articles which focus on activities and approaches to career education for hearing impaired students. Articles include the following titles and authors: "Attitudes as Factors in Vocational Rehabilitation of Young Deaf Adults" (R. Sanderson); "Career Education--Getting Ready for Today's Job Market" (R.…

This serial issue contains five articles relating to career exploration for middle school youth. The first article makes up most of the publication. It explains the concept of Future Options Education, basic tenets of which are the following: (1) career and college preparatory interventions need to be age and stage appropriate; (2) effective…

A longitudinal study has been conducted on 1960 graduates of a stratified sample of 28 medical schools to provide information on physician characteristics as they relate to career decisions. This 1976 followup study, with a response rate of 73 percent, provides information on the practices of 1,850 respondents. Of approximately 900 items of…

A study was conducted to collect statistical data (age, sex, race, years of school completed, occupation, field of training, and family income levels) on U.S. students who were participating in postsecondary vocational programs in October 1976 or who had participated in such programs during the previous year. Vocational, business, technical, or…

This guide assists in planning and monitoring the vocational education programs of students with mild disabilities. The pamphlet emphasizes the importance of vocational education for disabled students and reviews the three stages of career development: career awareness/orientation, career exploration, and career preparation. A section on adapting…

The characteristics and experiences of college freshmen who entered private black colleges in 1976 and 1985 were compared, based on data from the Cooperative Institutional Research Program's "The American Freshman: National Norms." Attention was focused on socioeconomic status (SES), academic preparation and confidence, reasons for…

Changes in the U.S. economy have increased the number of 25 to 54 year old women in the work force to about 74 percent. However, most of these women are segregated in low-wage jobs. Women often fall into those jobs because of sex-stereotyped vocational education enrollment and gender-related barriers in education and in their family and…

This report identifies the degree to which high school students consider choosing nontraditional occupations, if youths are aware of sex stereotypic influences, and what strategies they would offer to promote educational equity. Chapter 1 reviews the literature and defines the problem and objectives. Chapter 2, on procedures, describes the sample,…