The problem of educational achievement by boys and young men is a long-standing and big one that has been largely ignored by policymakers. This new HEPI report considers the consequences for individuals and society and proposes: (1) adopting a 'boy positive' environment in schools; (2) expanding proven grassroots initiatives that help boys; (3) putting a bigger focus on gender in regulation; (4) holding an investigation by Westminster's Education Select Committee; (5) expanding Scotland's 'Widening access to higher education' enquiry; (6) incorporating gender into England's Curriculum and Assessment Review; (7) publishing a strategy for men's education, with ministerial oversight; (8) working to get more men into teaching, care roles and nursing; (9) funding new research on under-researched areas affecting boys; and (10) tackling rules that disproportionately affect men's access to education. [This report was co-produced with Ulster University.]