A standard operating procedure (SOP) is presented for calculating the date of freeze-up on the St. Lawrence River at Massena, N.Y. The SOP is based on two empirical temperature decline equations developed for Kingston, Ontario, and Massena, N.Y., respectively. Input data needed to forecast freeze-up consist of the forecast December flow rate and…

Examines remote sensing of the arctic seas by discussing: (1) passive microwave sensors; (2) active microwave sensors; (3) other types of sensors; (4) the future deployment of sensors; (5) data buoys; and (6) future endeavors. (JN)

Discusses the special role the Arctic region plays in climate, focusing on: (1) the global energy balance; (2) feedback mechanisms; (3) effects of increasing carbon dioxide; and (4) climate processes study programs. (JN)

This report summarizes accomplishments in 1969, describing Federal programs and policies, and new programs implemented to meet those policies. The report describes the priorities that have been selected in the Federal Marine Science program during 1969. The first chapter reviews the steps taken by the Federal Government during 1969 to advance and…

The coastal waters of the Beaufort Sea are covered with ice three-fourths of the year. These waters (during winter) are discussed by considering: consolidation of coastal ice; under-ice water; brine circulation; biological energy; life under the ice (including kelp and larger animals); food chains; and ice break-up. (JN)

Areas of discussion are the history of tides, the forces which exert an influence upon the earth's tides, the behavior of tides as modified by terrestrial features, "freak" behavior of tides, the marine life which inhabits tidal areas, the manner in which tides have helped to shape the course of history, how tides affect our lives on a…

The growing interest in evaporite geology in 1978 is shown by the number of short courses, meetings, and symposiums that were held on various aspects of evaporites. (BB)

Discusses America's maritime heritage and the importance of the maritime enterprise in American history. Reasons for the nation's current ignorance of the contribution of maritime enterprise to the nation's development are discussed, as are some hopeful signs for the future. (BB)

Describes the principle involved in an osmotic pump used to extract fresh water from the oceans and in an osmotic power plant used to generate electricity. Although shown to be thermodynamically feasible, the osmotic principle is not likely to be used commerically for these purposes in the near future. (JR)

This booklet contains a programmed lesson on the properties of sea water. It is designed to allow students to progress through the subject matter at their own speed. Since it is written in linear format, it is suggested that students proceed through the program from "frame" to succeeding "frame." Instructions for the students and a list of lesson…

This series of experiments seeks to provide laboratory exercises which demonstrate concepts in Earth Science, particularly oceanology. Materials used in the experiments are easily obtainable. Examples of experiments include: (1) comparison of water hardness; (2) preparation of fresh water from sea water; (3) determination of water pressure; (4)…

This publication provides a simple explanation of how various processes convert sea or brackish water to fresh water. Included are descriptions of the membrane processes (reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, transport depletion, and piezodialysis); the distillation processes (multistage flash distillation, vertical tube distillation, multieffect…

This is an annotated listing of 455 films on hydrology, as well as on many allied fields. This second edition, much more comprehensive than the first, is not intended to serve as a critical evaluation, but should be used solely as a source of information as to what films are available. All films are listed alphabetically according to their titles…

Describes the procedures employed to make salt from seawater. Reviews the basic principles of seawater chemistry and discusses the techniques used to measure salinity. Identifies major saltworks locations and indicates the proper conditions needed for solar production of salt. (ML)

The efforts of the New England Aquarium to educate people of all ages about the true picture of the sea and its inhabitants are described. These efforts include student field trips, college work-study programs, in-service workshops for teachers, associate programs and adult education courses. (BT)