This article introduces the development process of social presence-enabled augmented reality (SPEAR) tool, an innovative augmented reality (AR) based learning application tailored for online engineering education. SPEAR focuses on a learning module of structural beam-bending, empowering users to seamlessly integrate 3-D virtual beams into their…

With the widespread application of online education platforms, the necessity for identifying learners' mental states from webcam videos is increasing as it can be potentially applied to artificial intelligence-based automatic identification of learner states. However, the behaviors that elementary school students frequently exhibit during online…

Digital teachers represent an innovative fusion of media and artificial intelligence (AI) within online educational environments. However, the specific ways in which the appearance anthropomorphism of digital teachers influences the delivery of different knowledge types remain insufficiently understood. Drawing on Embodied Learning Theory and…

Peer grading has diverse applications in many fields, including the peer grading of open assignments in online courses. The major challenge in peer grading is improving the seriousness (reviewing carefully) of reviewers. Previous studies have proposed several incentive reward mechanisms intended to reward or punish reviewers. Although these…

This article introduces Xiao-Shih, the first intelligent question answering bot on Chinese-based massive open online courses (MOOCs). Question answering is critical for solving individual problems. However, instructors on MOOCs must respond to many questions, and learners must wait a long time for answers. To address this issue, Xiao-Shih…

A paradigm shift can be expected in the education sector, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic. E-learning systems are being adopted by all the stakeholders as physical meetings are not feasible. Different online learning attributes, such as video conferencing tools, coding platforms, online learning frameworks, digital books, and online videos,…

This report describes a randomized controlled study that compared the personalization of educational content based on neural networks to personalization by human experts. The study was conducted in a graphically rich online learning environment for elementary school mathematics, in which N = 135 fourth- and sixth-grade students learn via…

The use of learning management systems (LMSs) for learning and knowledge sharing has accelerated quickly both in education and corporate worlds. Despite the benefits brought by LMSs, the current systems still face significant challenges, including the lack of automation in generating quiz questions and managing courses. Over the past decade, more…

A smart campus provides students who are geographically scattered with online tools to get access to learning resources and laboratories. Although these remote laboratories have the potential and capabilities to implement different learning experiments, most of them are configured in a static fashion, being able to serve only one experiment for a…

Recent research shows that learners who are able to self-regulate their learning show greater levels of engagement with massive open online course (MOOC) content. To improve support for learners in their self-regulatory processes, researchers have proposed technological solutions to transform recorded MOOC data into actionable knowledge. However,…

One of the characteristics of massive open online courses (MOOCs) is that the overall number of social interactions tend to be higher than in traditional courses, hindering the analysis of social learning. Learners typically ask or answer questions using the forum. This makes messages a rich source of information, which can be used to infer…

Blended courses that mix in-person instruction with online platforms are increasingly common in secondary education. These platforms record a rich amount of data on students' study habits and social interactions. Prior research has shown that these metrics are correlated with students performance in face-to-face classes. However, predictive models…

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) aim to "educate the world." More often than not, however, MOOCs fall short of this goal--a majority of learners are already highly educated (with a Bachelor's degree or more) and come from specific parts of the (developed) world. Learners from developing countries without a higher degree are…

This paper presents a systematic literature review of the state-of-the-art of research on learning dashboards in the fields of Learning Analytics and Educational Data Mining. Research on learning dashboards aims to identify what data is meaningful to different stakeholders and how data can be presented to support sense-making processes. Learning…

The use of video lectures in distance learning involves the two major problems of searchability and active user participation. In this paper, we promote the implementation and usage of a collaborative educational video annotation functionality to overcome these two challenges. Different use cases and requirements, as well as details of the…