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Ontogeny of Classical and Operant Learning Behaviors in Zebrafish
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Valente, Andre; Huang, Kuo-Hua; Portugues, Ruben; Engert, Florian – Learning & Memory, 2012
The performance of developing zebrafish in both classical and operant conditioning assays was tested with a particular focus on the emergence of these learning behaviors during development. Strategically positioned visual cues paired with electroshocks were used in two fully automated assays to investigate both learning paradigms. These allow the…
Descriptors: Classical Conditioning, Operant Conditioning, Learning, Animals
Applying Memories of Reinforcement Outcomes Mainly to Pavlovian Conditioning
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Capaldi, E. J.; Martins, Ana P. G. – Learning and Motivation, 2010
A theory devised initially on the basis of instrumental reward schedule data, such as the PREE, was extended to deal with various Pavlovian findings. These Pavlovian findings include blocking, unblocking, relative validity, positive and negative patterning, renewal, reinstatement, reacquisition, and inhibition. In addition, the sequential model…
Descriptors: Classical Conditioning, Memory, Reinforcement, Behavior Modification
Genetic Dissociation of Acquisition and Memory Strength in the Heat-Box Spatial Learning Paradigm in "Drosophila"
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Diegelmann, Soeren; Zars, Melissa; Zars, Troy – Learning & Memory, 2006
Memories can have different strengths, largely dependent on the intensity of reinforcers encountered. The relationship between reinforcement and memory strength is evident in asymptotic memory curves, with the level of the asymptote related to the intensity of the reinforcer. Although this is likely a fundamental property of memory formation,…
Descriptors: Reinforcement, Models, Memory, Memorization
Learning during Stressful Times
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Shors, Tracey J. – Learning & Memory, 2004
Stressful life events can have profound effects on our cognitive and motor abilities, from those that could be construed as adaptive to those not so. In this review, I discuss the general notion that acute stressful experience necessarily impairs our abilities to learn and remember. The effects of stress on operant conditioning, that is, learned…
Descriptors: Learning Processes, Operant Conditioning, Helplessness, Classical Conditioning
How the Use of Cognitive Psychology Findings Can Raise the Productivity of Computer-Assisted Instruction.
Hodges, Daniel L. – 1986
An overview is provided of the principles of cognitive psychology that can be used to enhance the effectiveness of computer-assisted instruction (CAI). First, the paper looks at the features of classical and operant conditioning that provide the foundation for important parts of mastery learning and CAI programs. Next, findings from four areas of…
Descriptors: Classical Conditioning, Cognitive Processes, Cognitive Psychology, Community Colleges
Favorite Activities for the Teaching of Psychology
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Benjamin, Ludy T., Jr., Ed. – APA Books, 2008
The most popular activities from APA's successful "Activities Handbooks for the Teaching of Psychology" are gathered together and updated in this book of teachers' favorites. The lesson plans, which encourage active learning and involve the whole class, have stood the test of time and proven themselves to be entertaining, effective, and easy to…
Descriptors: Psychology, Teaching Methods, Learning Activities, Lesson Plans