Highlights of the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund's founding are provided to show its subordinate structure within the NAACP prior to 1957. Its separation from the NAACP in 1957 is discussed. (Author/MC)

The NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund was formed in 1939 in order to enable the NAACP to secure tax-exempt funds to help finance its legal program and activities. In the 1950s, however, the tax-exempt status of the Fund was questioned; it therefore became independent of the NAACP. (Author/MC)

Blacks represent only 1.1 percent of the engineers in America, yet, in 1978, 58 percent of all job offers to students with bachelor degrees were engineering-related. The National Fund for Minority Engineering Students was formed in 1974 to attract the private sector resources needed to expand minority representation in engineering. (Author/MC)

The Brown decision is examined in light of the changing racial attitudes during the 1930s and 1940s. The effects, both positive and negative, of the decision are also discussed with emphasis on the continuing fight to bring about equal opportunity. (MC)

The author reports on his experiences as a Black American travelling in Nigeria and Ghana. He reviews the many similarities and the few differences between the Black American and the African experience from the broad perspectives of philosophy, psychology, sociology, and art. (Author/MC)

The work of Black leaders and organizations from 1896 to 1954 is reviewed. Discussed are Booker T. Washington, W.E.B. DuBois, the NAACP, the National Urban League, Marcus Garvey, Arthur A. Schomberg, Carter G. Woodson, Charles S. Johnson, and A. Philip Randolph. (MC)

The social changes resulting from the Brown decision are reviewed, showing the progress that has been made toward equality for Blacks. Areas where Blacks remain at a disadvantage as compared to Whites are examined. (MC)

Several court cases concerning affirmative action programs both in education and in employment are reviewed in light of Titles VI and VII of the Civil Rights Act. Implications of past court decisions are discussed, as are possible future decisions. (MC)

Reactions to the Bakke decision are described and suggestions are given for students to become more self-reliant so that they will not need special programs in the future. (MC)

Black colleges serve psychological and sociological functions that cannot be duplicated by predominantly White institutions. One of the most important functions of Black colleges is to offer a human support system to meet all of the needs of Black students. (Author/MC)

Minorities are now represented in almost all school books. However, this representation is often not balanced and its distribution across the range of instructional materials is uneven. (Author/MC)

Textbooks and other instructional materials must continually be created and evaluated in order to ensure that children of all races are fairly treated and thus receive the full benefits of the equal education guaranteed by law. (Author/MC)

The text of the Atlanta Declaration made by the NAACP in May 1954 in response to the Supreme Court decision banning segregation in public schools is presented. (MC)

This article reviews the housing situation in Washington, D.C., from 1954 to the present. Statistics show the intensity of White flight from the inner city to the suburbs from 1960 to 1970. The effects of the subsequent return of Whites to the inner city, a reverse trend beginning in 1975, are discussed. (MC)

This reprint of an article originally appearing in "Crisis" in June/July 1955, examines the wording of the May 31, 1954, Supreme Court decision regarding equal educational rights for Blacks. (MC)