Black studies can be viewed as an ecological process because it improves the academic setting on White university campuses, gives Black students a feeling of solidarity and identity, and creates conditions favorable to learning. (Author/MC)

In 1926, Negro History Week was established as a reaction to American racism and as an attempt to defend Black humanity. Black History Month should continue to be the reaffirmation of struggle, determination, and creativity of Blacks against racism and in defense of their humanity. (Author/MC)

The African concept of time is reinterpreted, emphasizing aspect rather than tense. Examples are taken from Black English. (MC)

Due to racial factors, limited contacts in the White publishing world, and job demands which are often heavier than those placed upon their White colleagues, Black academics have difficulties publishing their work. This results in further difficulties in meeting the evaluation criteria of Whites and in obtaining tenure. (GC)

This paper examines selected experiences from Frederick Douglass' life which illustrate that he saw himself from a White frame of reference, that his principal associations were with Whites, and that he often assumed White behavior. (Author/MC)

Curricular and extracurricular strategies are suggested for achieving a valuable interdisciplinary framework for Black student programs. Innovation, eclecticism, and creativity are cited as advantages of the interdisciplinary approach. (Author/MC)

The instructional innovation known as the Personalized System of Instruction (PSI) is discussed in relation to the teaching of Black studies. (Author/RLV)

Three linguistic theories (the creolist, the transformationalist, and the ethnolinguistic) of the origin and historical development of Ebonics in America are examined. (Author/MC)

Busing is not effective in promoting school integration. The only way to achieve school integration is through equal funding to all schools. (Author/MC)

Reviewed are the opinions of the nineteenth century African patriot, scholar, and educator, Edward Wilmot Blyden, on two issues: the dichotomy between respect for scholarship and responsibility to the Black community, and the content of Black studies. The implications for modern Black studies programs are discussed. (Author/MC)

Racism has been a major factor in determining the role and stature of jazz and the musicians who play it. Jazz has been denied its artistic due because it emerged from Black people who have been systematically denied their social and civil rights. (Author/GC)

Blacks, especially Black historians, have a responsibility to define new standards for evaluating the past, rather than using the ideologies and criteria of Whites. (Author/MC)

The author explores the ideology of Pan-Africanism in terms of the social and economic position of Blacks in the United States. He briefly describes his visit to Africa (Senegal and Nigeria) and the effects that this experience has had in forming his political viewpoint. (MC)

In this article, Black studies is described as both searching for and responding to meaning in the human experience through the Black experience. Based upon Thompson's distinction of ideational and operational roles in any healthy group, a model for administering Black studies programs at the university level is proposed. (GC)

In examining change, African researchers and others have neglected persistence and overemphasized change so that a distorted view of the ability of Africans to absorb change and the introduction of new elements has been created. (Author/RLV)