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Moores, Donald F. – American Annals of the Deaf, 2018
Two hundred and fifty years ago, L'Epée and Heinicke were engaged in a disagreement over the role of signs in the education of deaf students, with L'Epée supporting both natural and methodical signs and Heinicke advocating for an oral method without a manual component. This was the beginning of the oral/manual controversy. This controversy set a…
Descriptors: Educational Quality, Sustainability, Learning Processes, Deafness
Schwarz, Amy Louise; Jurica, Meagan; Matson, Charlsa; Stiller, Rachel; Webb-Culver, Taylor; Abdi, Hervé – Deafness & Education International, 2020
For d/Deaf and hard-of-hearing prereaders who communicate predominately in spoken and/or signed English (DHH-English), Teachers of the d/Deaf (TODs) read books aloud to increase English skills, auditory-verbal comprehension, sequencing skills, verbal reasoning, background knowledge, and sight word recognition. Teachers struggle to select…
Descriptors: Reading Material Selection, Selection Criteria, Students with Disabilities, Deafness

Jensema, Corinne Klein – American Annals of the Deaf, 1981
Questionnaires completed by 195 teachers of deaf blind students revealed that additional handicapping conditions and the presence of undesirable behaviors had an important effect on the selection of communication methods. (CL)
Descriptors: Communication Skills, Deaf Blind, Manual Communication, Oral Communication Method

Knell, Susan M.; Klonoff, Elizabeth A. – Journal of Communication Disorders, 1983
Fourteen deaf elementary children (eight from total communication and six from oral classes) and seven non-hearing-impaired peers were given tasks designed to elicit spontaneous language. Results favored hearing children on all measures. When comparing the two deaf groups, few differences emerged in measures of verbal output and communicativeness.…
Descriptors: Deafness, Elementary Education, Language Acquisition, Manual Communication
Marschark, Marc; Convertino, Carol M.; Macias, Gayle; Monikowski, Christine M.; Sapere, Patricia; Seewagen, Rosemarie – American Annals of the Deaf, 2007
Classroom communication between deaf students was modeled using a question-and-answer game. Participants consisted of student pairs that relied on spoken language, pairs that relied on American Sign Language (ASL), and mixed pairs in which one student used spoken language and one signed. Although the task encouraged students to request…
Descriptors: Speech Communication, Classroom Communication, Oral Language, Deafness

Goldmann, Warren R.; Mallory, James R. – Library Trends, 1992
Presents information on deafness and deaf people that is helpful to librarians communicating with deaf patrons. Communication modes and preferences are discussed, including speaking and facial expression, speech reading, lipreading, and sign language; and methods of optimizing conditions for good communication are described. (11 references) (LRW)
Descriptors: Communication Problems, Deafness, Library Services, Manual Communication

Ayim, Maryann – Canadian Journal of Education, 1997
"Forbidden Signs" explores the debate between manualists and oralists in deaf education into political, pedagogical, scientific, philosophical, historical, racial, sexual, economic, and linguistic contexts. The biggest weakness of the book is that it is a history only of the attitudes of hearing people toward oralism and manualism. (SLD)
Descriptors: Context Effect, Deafness, Elementary Secondary Education, Manual Communication
Luetke-Stahlman, Barbara – Teaching English to Deaf and Second-Language Students, 1982
Discusses learning to read by hearing impaired children and maintains that given a language base (in sign alone, oral and/or signed English), a total communication environment, and the opportunity to utilize various modes to decode written English, it appears likely that hearing impaired children can develop reading and writing skills in English.…
Descriptors: Decoding (Reading), Hearing Impairments, Literacy, Manual Communication

Greenberg, Mark T. – Applied Psycholinguistics, 1980
Examines the differential mode usage (speech, vocalize, gesture and sign) of profoundly deaf preschoolers and their hearing mothers as a function of their level of communicative competence and method of communication. Relates simultaneous use of modes to higher communicative competence and specific pragmatic types of communication. (Author/MES)
Descriptors: Communicative Competence (Languages), Deafness, Manual Communication, Oral Communication Method
Rittenhouse, Robert K.; And Others – Journal of Childhood Communication Disorders, 1988
The study with 23 severely hearing impaired adolescents found that subjects using cued speech performed highest on Piagetian conservation problems, the oral-aural group performed better on linguistically-sensitive metaphor problems. Differences were not, however, statistically significant. (Author/DB)
Descriptors: Adolescents, Comprehension, Concept Formation, Conservation (Concept)

Hagemeyer, Alice Lougee – Library Trends, 1992
Provides an overview of past and present library services to, and policies about, deaf people. Unique characteristics of the deaf community are discussed; recent developments in deaf studies, communication techniques, and laws affecting library services to deaf people are reviewed; and the roles libraries can play in providing services are…
Descriptors: Deafness, Futures (of Society), Legislation, Library Role

Covington, Virginia C. – Sign Language Studies, 1980
Studies the attitudes toward deaf society of two new deaf Gallaudet students who had been raised in an "oralist" tradition with biases against deaf culture. Their attitudes are compared with those of a deaf graduate oralist who had become acculturated into the deaf community. (PJM)
Descriptors: Acculturation, Biculturalism, Communication Skills, Culture Conflict

Jeanes, R. C.; Nienhuys, T. G. W. M.; Rickards, F. W. – Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 2000
This study investigated the ability of two groups of profoundly deaf students (N=40 and ages 8, 11, 14, and 17), using either oral or signed communication, to employ pragmatic skills required for effective face-to-face interactions. Notable differences in pragmatic skills were found between the groups and between deaf and normal hearing students.…
Descriptors: Adolescents, Age Differences, Children, Communication Skills

Reagan, Timothy – Educational Theory, 1989
The nineteenth-century debate over use of the manual versus the oral approach to deaf education is discussed and related to the prevailing social and educational thought. Both approaches are seen as oppressive and antideaf. Current efforts to reconceptualize deafness have produced calls for bilingual-bicultural programs. (IAH)
Descriptors: Acculturation, Activism, Cultural Differences, Deafness

Pudlas, Kenneth A. – American Annals of the Deaf, 1987
The study measured hearing-impaired (N=106) students' reception of language presented via five modes: oral, aural, manual, oral-aural;, and simultaneous manual and oral. The simultaneous manual and oral and the manual modes received the highest ratings. Results are discussed in terms of theories of cognitive processing and selective attention.…
Descriptors: Attention Control, Aural Learning, Cognitive Processes, Elementary Secondary Education
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