The relationship between "stability" and "change" is a central paradox of administration that pervades all forms of organizing. Evaluation is not unfamiliar with paradoxical objectives and roles, which can result in tensions for evaluators and stakeholders. In this article, paradoxes between stability and change in the…

As the first of a three-part comparative study of the administration of audiovisual services in advanced and developing countries, this UNESCO-funded report contains extensive information on the structure, organization, functions and operation of the national audiovisual centers serving elementary education in the Western European countries. An…

The Centre for Educational Research and Innovation Studies on innovation have tried to evaluate what is happening in different member countries to achieve a balance between organized processes for change and free initiative of the individual school or teacher, and to establish effective institutions in the different national circumstances. The aim…

The Process Analysis of Non-Grading (PANG) project began as a project for evaluating experiments with non-graded education in Stollet in the province of Varmland in western Sweden. Since then the project-work and design has been further developed and now also includes studying the school in its social environment. The project's main objective is…

The Swedish system of higher education is discussed in two reports. The first covers basic principles of governance and organization, and general problems of higher-educational planning. The second is about planning and management at regional and central levels. (Author/ND)

The traditional university structure has come to be seen as an obstacle to necessary changes in education and research in Sweden. Reforms initiated by the Swedish Parliament have focused mainly on the overall control of university organization; less change appears in the direct production of education and research. A project underway at the…

The Swedish school system comprises: (1) Pre-primary school (Forskola), typical age 1-5; (2) Preschool class in the compulsory school (Grundskola) typical age 6 (participation voluntary); (3) Compulsory school, typical age 7-16, grades 1-9, and (4) Upper secondary school, 17 programmes (4 mainly academic, 13 vocational), typical age 16-19, grades…

This paper analyzes interrelationships between educational administration and educational development (defined as guided educational change) in Sweden. First, characteristics of the Swedish educational system and its management are described. The paper notes a growing trend to connect educational activities to community activities. Thus, school…

In this presentation, the authors attempt to approach the field of curriculum theory, development, innovation, and planning from the perspective of the basic principles of pedagogics. The authors use Sweden's development of a comprehensive school system as a case study of curriculum planning and development. This case study serves as an…

In late summer l979 the GUARANTEE project was launched in Sweden to gather information on activities to combat youth unemployment and on followup and other activities within the scope of municipal followup responsibilities. The project was organized in the form of a case study of nine municipalities. The first three years were concerned mainly…

Several matters are considered as they relate to the possibility of establishing a research community on higher education in Sweden: the characteristics of such a community and its importance to the future of education; the organization of applied research in higher education, including statistical services, special studies, and policy analysis;…