The grammar of creative practices is described by George Steiner as the "articulate organisation of perception, reflection and experience, the nerve structure of consciousness when it communicates with itself and with others." Steiner's description of creative grammar is consistent with Lev Vygotsky's comment that "art is the social within us, and…

In this review, the author focuses on the pragmatic consideration: How do artists do artistic research? Artistic research in the context of this review is about the connections and relationships among three primary domains: (1) the arts; (2) higher education; and (3) arts education. Broadly stated, all artists do research when they do art--whether…

Discusses details of course organization and the importance of good communication between the course organizer and the course instructor. Discusses publicity and includes check lists for organization and promotion. (JOW)

The transactions cost approach provides a framework for evaluating organizations on the basis of efficiency because it allows the identification of the conditions that give rise to the costs of mediating exchanges between individuals. The three basic mechanisms of mediation or control are markets, bureaucracies, and clans. (Author/IRT)

A theoretical framework for the analysis of organizational structures should be underpinned by modes of analysis that are adequate at the levels of meaning and causation and that understand the necessity of purposes that actors attach to their conduct while explaining the complex outcomes of intended and unintended events. (Author/IRT)

Explores the implication for human service organizations when concepts drawn from organization technology, control theory, and human system design are integrated in computer simulation models that can test alternative management decisions, policies, and organization structures prior to implementation. (Author/IRT)

States that the Adult Education Association of the USA (AEA/USA) is the appropriate central organizing institutional structure to provide for the development of adult and continuing education and describes a proposed AEA/USA learning center to facilitate research and arrange information referral in the field of adult and continuing education. (MF)

Offers an editorial, in an experimental spirit, that develops a narrow definition for communication, organization, manager, and business and narrow definitions for organizational communication, management communication, and business communication. (MG)

Describes features of Bliss Bibliographic Classification (BC2) that make it thesaurus-compatible and a source for thesaurus compilers: facet analysis, terminology source, thesaural relationship source, and updating ease. Problems with using BC2 as a thesaurus source are also considered, and two thesauri based on BC2 are described. (MBR)

The way military research and development (R&D) are organized in the United States, in the Soviet Union, and in some other advanced industrial countries is examined to determine how far the organization of R&D can explain the trends and direction of military technology. (RM)

Ordering principles, hierarchy, taxonomy, emergence, and decomposable systems are discussed. Examples of hierarchies are included. (CW)

Healthy and successful cities are built out of blocks and neighborhoods. Cities are too large and varied to be regarded or run as uniform entities. Block associations are proposed to be one of the major tools that are available for stabilizing and maintaining urban neighborhoods in a fashion that is both inexpensive and responsive to the needs of…

The nature of military research and development (R&D) is reviewed. Relationships between military R&D and governmental science policy in the United States, France, and the Soviet Union--countries that pursue different science policies and R&D strategies--are compared. Suggestions for a more realistic science policy are presented. (SR)

The article explains the "demilitantization" of the Chicano movement; the resulting foundation, philosophy, and strategy of the Trinity Concept of Community Development (TCCD); and the history, projects such as the Congress for United Communities, and political accomplishments of the National Institute for Community Development, an…

The parochialization of environmental education is a destructive practice. Refusal to cooperate with others, segmentation of environmental education, and empire building all make it more difficult to warrant public support for environmental education. (RE)