Data indicate that controllers do not have the same authority in all their functions nor in the various decisions within those functions. (Author)

A review of both institutional theories and recent empirical studies employing institutional arguments reveals great diversity. Different definitions and explanations for organizations and their structures are employed and various causal arguments subsumed under this general perspective. Two primary actors and shapers of institutional environments…

Several variables of managerial behavior are correlated with productivity and morale. Situational variables are more influential on productivity than on morale. More study is needed on the influence of situational variables on managerial effectiveness. (Author/RA)

This study explored the relationships between organizational structure and organizational climate on two levels -- the whole organization and the groups within it. (Author)

Environmental complexity is viewed in this study as the interaction between environmental risk, dependency, and interorganizational relationships. Research questions concerning complexity in the task environment were investigated in 26 small, rigidly structured social service organizations in a populous midwestern State. Results show that neither…

The field study data indicate that organizational climate is an attribute of both the individual and the organization. (Author/IRT)

Presents a method for assessing whether members of two subcultures (academics and practitioners) have influenced each other's interpretation. Examines texts of 192 organizational culture articles written between 1975 and 1984 for evidence of acculturation. While each group initially conceptualized organizational culture differently, academics over…

Using a modified measure of ethical climates, this paper presents evidence (from a survey of 872 employees of 4 firms) that ethical work climates are both multidimensional and multidetermined. Organizations have distinct types of ethical climate varying by position, tenure, and work group membership. Five empirically derived ethical climate…

Examines the direction and form of influence processes across levels of hierarchy. Indicates the primacy of downward over upward influence, and supports a basic pattern of relations including the flow of major influence from indicators of group functioning to situational conditions. (Author)

Examines the impact of an organizational development effort on organizational performance. Significant positive changes in target group attitudes and perceptions were found, as was a significant positive change in quality of output and in profit. (Author)

Investigates the effects of professional and nonprofessional types of organizational involvement on the compatibility of organizational and professional commitments for junior college teachers. (Author)

Using a sample of 254 San Francisco Bay Area establishments, this study examines determinants of organizational hiring selectivity, including use of educational credentials, tests, and screening devices for both white and blue collar workers. Apparently, hiring standards reflect organizations' skill requirements and group preferences for these…

A theoretical integration of several articles dealing with organizational leadership. (RA)

Presents a case for possible compensatory effects of structured formalization--the control of job activities by administrative rules and procedures-- based on path analysis of data from 247 engineers and scientists in three organizations. (Author/WD)