Purpose: School principals must determine educational policies and make information-based decisions. Teachers have authentic information that they do not transmit in full to the principals. A theoretical model was tested that explains the factors behind this disconnection in communication. Design: Four hundred and forty-five teachers completed…

Findings of a study that investigated transformational and transactional leadership behaviors in elementary and secondary school principals are presented in this paper. Transactional leadership is often used to accomplish lower-order managerial objectives, such as clarifying work expectations and maintaining quality of performance, while…