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Charaf Tilioui; El Mehdi Bellfkih; Imrane Chemseddine Idrissi; Khadija El Kababi; Mohamed Radid; Ghizlane Chemsi – Educational Process: International Journal, 2025
Background/purpose: Mathematics education develops critical thinking and problem-solving skills, yet middle school students often face challenges, including didactical, epistemological, and ontogenic obstacles, that influence their academic orientation. This study investigates how Self-Organizing Maps (SOMs) can address these challenges by…
Descriptors: Mathematics Education, Orientation, Orientation Materials, Middle School Students