With a significant number of students using machine translation (MT) for academic purposes in recent years, language teachers can no longer ignore it in their classrooms. Although an increasing number of studies have reported its pedagogical benefits, studies have also revealed that language teachers are still sceptical about using MT for various…

The 3D virtual worlds (3DVWs) were widely used for language learning in the past two decades. Although numerous research studies acknowledged the affordance, a full-scale investigation that discussed how they can be applied to language learning with substantial evidence of effect sizes were not presented. Thus, this analysis aimed to synthesize…

Learning to write well can be a significant contributor to English language proficiency. The large population of English language learners (ELLs) has highlighted the need for educational technology as an important support for the different approaches to writing instruction for ELLs. In this meta-analysis, we examined the effectiveness of…