Demand fading involves the removal and gradual reintroduction of demands and has been shown to effectively reduce escape-maintained challenging behavior. However, it is currently unclear if there are common demand fading practices when demand fading is used as an initial intervention rather than as a method for schedule thinning after another…

The impact of long-term services and supports on the quality of life of adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) is not well understood given the highly complex nature of researching this topic. To support future research addressing this topic, we conducted a systematic literature review of studies addressing outcomes of…

Introduction: Crisis intervention aims to prevent hospital admissions by providing rapid assessment and intensive support in the community. Interest is growing in the potential of crisis care for people with intellectual disabilities who often have co-occurring psychiatric disorders and challenging behaviors. They are at high risk for admission to…

Background: People with neurodevelopmental disabilities are frequently prescribed or administered psychotropic medication, particularly to manage behaviours of concern. Reducing inappropriate psychotropic use has been the target of international research and policy for several decades. Methods: Six electronic databases were searched for…

Background: Given the impact of growing up in vulnerable families on opportunities in life and the large numbers of families with severe parenting and child functioning problems who repeatedly receive some form of youth care, it is important to investigate the long-term outcomes of the provided care. Objective: This study aimed to investigate…

Background: Befriending is an intervention intended to provide companionship and support to socially isolated populations. This review aimed to understand the key characteristics and psychological and social outcomes of befriending interventions for adults with intellectual disabilities. Methods: Systematic searches of electronic databases…

A challenge with universal school-based mental health supports is the limited understanding of potential unintended or unanticipated outcomes. In this review, we examined 47 academic and gray literature sources to address the question, "What are the side effects of universal school-based mental health supports?" We discuss how universal…

During drug development, evidence can emerge to suggest a treatment is more effective in a specific patient subgroup. Whilst early trials may be conducted in biomarker-mixed populations, later trials are more likely to enroll biomarker-positive patients alone, thus leading to trials of the same treatment investigated in different populations. When…

The objective of this meta-epidemiological study was to explore the impact of attrition rates on treatment effect estimates in randomised trials of chronic inflammatory diseases (CID) treated with biological and targeted synthetic disease-modifying drugs. We sampled trials from Cochrane reviews. Attrition rates and primary endpoint results were…

This study aimed to provide an updated and comprehensive review of the efficacy of psychosocial interventions for the employability of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Ten studies (423 participants) were identified in the literature. Compared to control groups, the proportion of those who could work was significantly higher among…

Background: Vocal fold nodules (VFNs) are the main cause of paediatric dysphonia. Voice therapy is recommended as the preferable treatment option for VFNs in children. Aim: The aim of this systematic review is to provide an overview of the existing literature concerning the effects of voice therapy in children with VFNs. Methods & Procedures:…

This systematic literature review explored how educational psychologists (EPs) use cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) interventions within school settings, with whom and to what effect. The information available on the intervention design and delivery was benchmarked against Fuggle et al.'s framework that identified CBT competencies required for…

Rapid review methodology aims to facilitate faster conduct of systematic reviews to meet the needs of the decision-maker, while also maintaining quality and credibility. This systematic review aimed to determine the impact of different methodological shortcuts for undertaking rapid reviews on the risk of bias (RoB) of the results of the review.…

Individual participant data meta-analyses (IPD-MAs) have several benefits over standard aggregate data meta-analyses, including the consideration of additional participants, follow-up time, and the joint consideration of study- and participant-level heterogeneity for improved diagnostic and prognostic model development and evaluation. However,…

Component network meta-analysis (CNMA) compares treatments comprising multiple components and estimates the effects of individual components. For network meta-analysis, a standard network plot with nodes for treatments and edges for direct comparisons between treatments is drawn to visualize the evidence structure and the connections between…