The present study uses the PEM approach to synthesize the effectiveness of treatment on disruptive behaviors and simultaneously tests whether the higher validity of the PEM approach than that of the PND approach is repeatable. A hand search of the "Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis" was conducted, and reference lists from reviewed articles were…

Adults (n=202) with chronic mental illness received token economic reinforcement along with their medication therapy and psychotherapy. Over 18 months, the token economy resulted in positive, though marginal, gains to outcome measures of rehospitalization rate, symptomatology, social integration activities, and daily living skills, compared to a…

This study found that microcomputer free time was a very effective consequence in decreasing the tardiness of a middle school boy, in improving his academic achievement, and in improving the student's attitude toward school and school assignments. (Author/JDD)