Repeated retrieval practice is a powerful learning tool for promoting long-term retention, but students use this tool ineffectively when regulating their learning. The current experiments evaluated the efficacy of a minimal intervention aimed at improving students' self-regulated use of repeated retrieval practice. Across 2 experiments, students…

The present study aims to conduct a comprehensive investigation of flashcard software for learning vocabulary in a second language. Nine flashcard programs were analysed using 17 criteria derived from previous studies on flashcard learning as well as paired-associate learning. Results suggest that in general, most programs have been developed in a…

The literature on learning with animations has focused so far on subject matters in which changes over time depicted in the animation are mapped onto changes over time in the reality of the concepts to be learned. The experiments presented in this article, however, suggest that also a nontemporal mapping of facts, as in paired-associate learning…

With the advance of computers, extensive work has been undertaken in the field of programmed instruction. Much effort has been invested to devise schemes of optimal instruction with respect to suitable criteria. Yet, what is needed is a theory which prescribes how learning can be improved, i.e., a theory of instruction. The present study is…

Describes three computer programs designed to control and execute standard methods for paired associate learning. They can be used in classroom demonstrations or laboratory exercises in experimental psychology. (RM)

Research supported by U.S. Office of Education Contract OE-4-10-158 and Office of Naval Research Contract Nonr-624(18). Published under separate cover as part II of v60 n4.

This experiment was conducted to examine word presentation routines to determine their effectiveness in spelling drills. The design included segmentation or focal unit (letter, chunk, whole word), audio (audio, no audio), and word type (List 1--pronounceable chunks, List 2--pronounced in running speech). Subjects were 48 students in Grades 3, 4,…

The effectiveness of learning paired associates from a computer-based drill strategy known as the progressive state drill was compared in this study with the effectiveness of having students use their own strategies with flashcards. Characteristics of the progressive state drill which make it a potentially effective drill and practice strategy for…

The development of learning theory and its application to computer-assisted instruction (CAI) are described. Among the early theoretical constructs thought to be important are E. L. Thorndike's concept of learning connectisms, Neal Miller's theory of motivation, and B. F. Skinner's theory of operant conditioning. Early devices incorporating those…

Differences between interactive microcomputer and traditional verbal learning groups in a paired-associate learning task were examined in this study. The 88 subjects, who were undergraduate education students, were randomly assigned to four groups. Each group was given one of two lists of ten high frequency words matched with either high or low…

THIS ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY CONTAINS 39 INDEXED AND ABSTRACTED ENTRIES ON PROGRAMED INSTRUCTION IN ADULT EDUCATION, INCLUDING RESEARCH AND EVALUATION STUDIES, TESTING, PROGRAMS, TEXTBOOKS, AND BIBLIOGRAPHIES. THE DOCUMENTS PROCESSED, WITH FEW EXCEPTIONS, ARE ALL DATED 1966 OR 1967. (SG)

Two mathematical models of paired-associate learning were used to develop optimal strategies for presenting spelling words to 42 elementary school children. The study was conducted within a computer-based drill-and-practice project. For the study two computer programs were developed. One program presented and corrected the lists of words. The…

Discussion of the use of computer drills in education focuses on a study designed to compare the effect of a progressive state drill with the effect of having high school students implement their own strategies using flashcards. The use of sequential analysis is explained, and student attitudes are examined. (26 references) (Author/LRW)

Lawrence University in Wisconsin has developed a means whereby time-shared terminals may be effectively used in a small college. The manner in which the terminals are employed in an introductory psychology course is indicative of their general usefulness. The time-sharing system consists of a PDP-11/20 computer (RSTS system) with 8K of core…

Discussion of short-term and long-term memory in learning paired associates focuses on two microcomputer-based instructional design experiments with eleventh and twelfth graders that were modeled after traditional drill and practice routines. Research questions are presented, treatment conditions are explained, and additional research is…