Early verbal-memory researchers assumed participants represent memory of a pair of unrelated items with 2 independent, separately modifiable, directional associations. However, memory for pairs of unrelated words (A-B) exhibits associative symmetry: a near-perfect correlation between accuracy on forward (A??) and backward (??B) cued recall. This…

In this article, the authors present and test a formal model that holds that people use information about category boundaries in estimating inexactly represented stimuli. Boundaries restrict stimuli that are category members to fall within a particular range. This model posits that people increase the average accuracy of stimulus estimates by…

The major purpose of the present study was to provide a direct comparison of temporal contiguity effects in intentional and incidental PA learning, using the same orienting conditions and ISI values in intentional and incidental learning tasks. (Author)

Previous research has investigated the effects of interpresentation lag within the context of experimenter-controlled lag values. The present study attempted to explore subject-controlled lag effects on paired-associate learning. (Editor)

Three experiments were conducted in which expectations of learning and transfer based on associative theory or frequency theory differed from those based on a theory of mental imagery. (Editor)

Examines the familiar serial to derived paired-associates transfer task in the light of expectations about the amount of positive transfer it should produce. Suggests, contrary to long-standing assumptions, that this paradigm cannot be expected to yield more than relatively moderate degrees of transfer because the utilization of response-produced…

The application of nominally identical transfer paradigms within short- and long-term memory contexts may, for whatever reason, yield strikingly different outcomes. (Author)

Five experiments were conducted to address the question of whether source information could be accessed in the absence of being able to recall an item. The authors used a paired-associate learning paradigm in which cue-target word pairs were studied, and target recall was requested in the presence of the cue. When target recall failed,…

The present experiment was designed to investigate the role of the PA test trial by use of a design in which the testing phase of a series of PA recall trials was deleted and replaced on each of the trials by a computational procedure. (Author)

In the present study an attempt was made to investigate the duality of encoding mechanisms via instructional sets that were independent of stimulus characteristics. (Author)

Research has indicated that interference produced by the sharing of sensory features of paired-associate stimulus words was not eliminated by processing the pairs at the meaning level. These experiments were intended to extend the range of conditions under which the sensory interference effect might persist, and to incorporate the findings within…

It was found in a retention test that progressive elaboration was superior to single-response elaboration, as in the Bower and Reitman (1972) study; the present study was an extension of that Bower and Reitman study. (Author/RK)

Sought to elucidate the nature of odor memory by applying paradigms from verbal learning and semantic memory and to investigate two processes affecting paired-associate performance. (Author/RK)

Two paired-associate (PA) learning studies observed the acquisition performance of 85 college students with either odors or abstract figures as stimuli and numbers as responses. (Editor)