This study addresses a gap in the literature regarding the implementation of digital strategies in educational institutions, particularly universities. Despite significant advancements in the development of digital strategies, there remains a lack of commitment and vision for their effective implementation. This study systematically reviewed the…

Meta-analyses suggest that student learning outcomes (SLOs) are comparable across modalities of instruction. None of these studies examined how unmet student expectations (here, unexpected changes in course delivery) might increase perceptions of student--instructor-university psychological contract breaches (PCBs) and, ultimately, perceived SLOs…