Teachers, examiners and assessment experts know from experience that some candidates annotate exam questions. "Annotation" includes anything the candidate writes or draws outside of the designated response space, such as underlining, jotting, circling, sketching and calculating. Annotations are of interest because they may evidence…

The COVID-19 pandemic had a profound impact on education, forcing many teachers and students who were not used to online education to adapt to an unanticipated reality by improvising new teaching and learning methods. Within the realm of virtual education, the evaluation methods underwent a transformation, with some assessments shifting towards…

Teachers need technology-related knowledge to effectively use technology in the classroom. Previous studies have often used self-reports to assess such knowledge. However, it is questionable whether self-reports are valid measures for this purpose. This study investigates how mathematics teachers' self-reports correlate with their scores in a…