This study was designed to compare the utilization of instructional time of first grade classroom teachers with and without full-time teacher aides, to compare the academic performance of children in these two groups, and to examine the relationship between teacher and aide activity. A sub-purpose was the development of an observation instrument…

Thirty mothers of first-grade Papago Indian children were trained by selected Papago paraprofessionals to teach their children to ask causal questions. The procedures used by the mother in the home environment included role playing, modeling and giving the child verbal praise. Between formal training sessions with the paraprofessionals, the…