Across the country, paraprofessionals in cities are primarily Black and Latina women, and they are far more likely than teachers to live in the district and even the school zone where they work. However the percentages of Black teachers in major city school districts across the nation have declined, while the percentages of census-designated…

This paired-format article describes how one of the authors (Rodriguez) undertook a teacher research study of homework in the urban first-grade classroom in which she was a paraprofessional. Her findings influenced her to broaden her perspective on homework. Her graduate professor (Blumenreich) discusses the challenge of supporting a student to…

The ECE workforce experiences high levels of stress, partly because they have low incomes and limited access to professional and personal supports for their own well-being. In addition, the ECE workforce experiences sociopolitical stressors (i.e., stressors that arise from political legislation or from political leaders' threatening rhetoric).…

Paraeducators perform multiple roles in U.S. classrooms, including among others preparing classroom activities, working with students individually and in small groups, supporting individualized programming for students with disabilities, managing classroom behavior, and engaging with parents and communities. Yet, little research provides insights…

This policy manual containing guidelines, standards, and procedures was prepared to explain the Auxiliary Career Program in New York City schools to all those concerned with it. Introductory sections sketch the background and rationale for the program initiated in 1967 by the Board of Education, the City University, and the Human Resources…

This article presents impressions following an evaluation of bilingual-bicultural education programs in a New York school district. Different approaches to bilingual education are compared and contrasted. (CLK)

The Task Force on Early Childhood Development for New York City examined early childhood services and explored the feasibility of establishing an office for early childhood services. This report assesses the effectiveness of early childhood services in meeting the needs of children and their parents and recommends changes in the quantity and…

A report of an on-going experimental program utilizing "talking typewriters and teacher aides in a government-funded center to supplement reading instruction. (RD)

This paper describes and evaluates the Bilingual Pupil Services Program in New York City. This program provided small group instructional services in reading and mathematics to students of Hispanic background whose regular teachers and bilingual coordinators identified them as requiring supplementary instruction because of language difficulties or…

The report documents evaluation by the Office of Educational Assessment of implementation by the New York City school system of the State Incentive Grant to Improve Pupil Performance which provided training to 5,000 teachers and 3,400 paraprofessionals serving handicapped students in elementary, intermediate, and junior high self-contained…

The Bilingual Pupil Services Program (B.P.S.) has been administered for ten years by the Office of Bilingual Education of the New York City Public Schools. In the 1983-84 school year the project provided in-service training of para-professionals to work with students of limited English proficiency (LEP) in grades one through six in the already…

This is the final report of an in-depth study of the use of paraprofessionals in the New York City public schools, conducted in the 1969-70 school year under an agreement with the Bureau of Educational Research of the Board of Education of the City of New York. The paraprofessionals studied were those funded with E.S.E.A. Title I and New York…

The Strengthening Early Childhood (Bilingual) program was designed to develop English language skills for pupils in grades one and two who were below the twenty-first percentile when tested on the Language Assessment Battery (LAB) in English. One hundred thirty-eight students were seen by three teachers and three paraprofessionals in groups of ten…

This is the final report of the Institute for Educational Development's evaluation of District 14's 1972-73 Title VII, 1965 Elementary Secondary Education Act, program. The Bilingual Early Childhood Center Program has completed its third year of operation. This year the program served approximately 200 students divided into seven classes; one…

A differentiated staffing model involving the use of adult educational assistants to work with the kindergarten teacher and children within the classroom was utilized as the experimental concept for an Early Childhood project funded under Title I of the 1965 Elementary Secondary Education Act in the 1970-71 school year. The primary purpose of the…