The nationwide shortage of special educators is well documented. Preparedness is a key component of building self-efficacy and longevity in the PK-12 teaching field (Clark & Newberry, 2019; Darling-Hammond et al., 2002; Ingersol et al., 2012; Ondrasek et al., 2020). This qualitative study examined the preparedness of novice special education…

This survey research investigated the experience of Ohio districts using paraprofessionals assigned to special education students. This study provides a unique statewide description of district experience. Based on themes from the literature and preliminary conversations with educational practitioners in Ohio, the survey conceptualized district…

The purpose of this study was to examine the different types and patterns of 1:1 interactions provided by general educators, special educators and paraprofessionals to children with mild disabilities (n = 13), severe disabilities (n = 13), and children without disabilities (n = 13) in inclusive classrooms. General educators, special educators, and…

This document discusses the educational aide program in the state of Ohio. Section I discusses the paid educational aide. The goal of the paid teacher aide program is to improve instruction; the objectives of the program are: (1) teachers will spend more time directly involved in significant high-level teaching and learning functions; (2) teachers…

The purpose of this investigation was twofold: (a) to explore the use of a new rating scale that measures teachers' attitudes toward their students and (b) to investigate the attitudes of inclusive teachers toward their students with disabilities using the rating scale. Fifty inclusive elementary teachers in 12 northeast Ohio schools rated all of…

Three types of instruction were used in the Ohio Module Project: traditional classes, programmed learning centers, and home instruction. Four major objectives of the project are: (1) to determine the kind of training program necessary to prepare paraprofessionals to operate an instructional program utilizing programmed materials, (2) to compare…

A successful, flexible, system for coordinating volunteers in the Meigs, Ohio, local school district's elementary schools utilizes a file box containing the names of aides selected to participate in the volunteer program, the times and days they are available, and the services they can provide. A teacher needing a volunteer to perform certain…

The Talking Typewriter Program has been operative in the Cleveland Public Schools as a strategy to improve the reading skills of identified fourth grade pupils in 12 Title I schools. A responsive and autotelic environment augmented by selected materials, special teaching techniques, the expertise of trained staff, and individualized tutoring…

The project evaluated here, funded under Title I of the 1965 Elementary Secondary Education Act, operates in a framework which utilizes the services of a reading consultant in target schools. It serves children who have been identified by their classroom teachers and school principals as experiencing difficulty in mastering reading. It provides…

In recognition of the critical relationship of inadequate reading skill in the syndrome of alienation and disenchantment concerning the school experience, the Cleveland schools have implemented the Diagnostic Reading Clinic program as an integral part of their Title I, 1965 Elementary Secondary Education Act, services. A total of 1,903 pupils…

The objectives of the Nutritional Improvement Project were as follows: children will attend school regularly; children will develop a receptive attitude toward school; children will increase in level of achievement. Cleveland Public Schools for the past four and one-half years have provided breakfast for all elementary pupils attending Title I,…

The Production Workshop Project was designed to promote the educational rehabilitation of selected ninth-grade students. Programs in block-scheduled academic instruction were integrated with vocational training in a Production Workshop setting. The 1971-72 Project activities served a total of 243 students--117 boys and 126 girls. Approximately 68…

During the 1960-1970 school year, the Cleveland Public Schools began implementing a More Effective Schools (MES) Program in two elementary buildings. This report is the evaluation of the third year of operation of the program (1971-72 school year). The MES Program was designed to attack the poor achievement patterns of inner-city children through…

The Ohio Project was aimed at the training and utilization of indigenous paraprofessionals in order to provide additional services needed to improve rural Adult Basic Education (ABE) programs. The 1970-71 project activities involved participants and personnel from eight ABE centers and three home instruction units. Over 300 students, mostly rural…