The article studies the dominant role of the child-mother relationships in the development and formation of personality of the infants and young children with Down syndrome. The article contains the information about the distortion of the child-mother relationships which leads to the different disorders of the mental development of a child. The article describes the construct of "inner maternal position". It contains the methods and results of investigation aimed at revealing and study of peculiarities of the inner maternal position. It also describes the possible targets of psychological and pedagogical aid depending on the variant of the inner maternal position.