In this article, the author talks about native Americans, the national parks and the concept of historical inevitability. The notion of historical inevitability, always a victor's argument, is as old as the stories of the ancient conquerors. It has permeated the history of Indian America, as told by white historians, and people are still today…

In the October 2007 issue of "Adults Learning," Paul Stanistreet wrote an article which celebrated the successes of the countryside access movement of the twentieth century. He highlighted how, while some of the legal barriers to access have been reduced, not all citizens are able to take advantage of the rights that were won by an…

Suggests an environmental ethic for parks and recreation professionals who are often on the wrong side of the environmental controversy because they lack a professional ethic. This article provides a guide for implementing an environmental ethic, noting that philosophy of service must be grounded in ecological principles, not merchant values. (SM)

Considers (1) how judicious planning and administration of public parks in urban areas can act to bridge racial divisions; and (2) how park administrators can, by creating neighborhood parks, give new focus to neighborhoods and prevent their further deterioration. (Author/GC)

The roles of ranger and park police in America's parks have shifted from visitor protection and resources management to visitor management and resources protection. Eight issues facing park police are discussed. (MT)

As communities expand into rural areas, wildlife habitats dwindle, human interactions with wildlife increase, and the need for sound urban wildlife management becomes more critical. Only through improved cooperation and coordination between urban planners and wildlife managers can successful urban wildlife management occur. (Author/MH)

Playgrounds should be diverse and flexible so that children have many different opportunities for natural, creative play. Equipment should encourage group activities, challenge children at different levels of development, and enhance physical fitness. Such playgrounds could receive enthusiastic public support. (PP)

Park and recreation agencies now devote much time to concerns that relate more to revenue production than to wholesome recreation. Several changes in society that will affect recreation are highlighted, and nine challenges to make the recreation profession strong and visible are offered. (MT)

As citizens demand governmental accountability, recreation agencies must devote attention to determining the cost of programs and to justifying the fee structure assigned to each program. This article addresses the need for proper pricing and offers a plan for establishing a pricing strategy. (MT)

The park administrator's responsibility in providing security for park visitors through prevention strategies and law enforcement is discussed. Types of negligence are indicated, practice recommendations are made, and evaluative criteria for personnel selection and training are offered. Reference is made to the General Accounting Office Report and…

This review of literature focuses on the need to balance work and leisure rather than choosing one over the other, noting that the American work ethic extols work rather than leisure. After discussing the role of work and leisure, the paper examines leisure education's role in understanding the relationship between the two. (SM)

Specific ideas are presented on changes that can be made to update park facilities and services. (JD)

The author discusses events, charges, and studies related to national park policy and administration and attempts to bring them into a unified focus through a public policy framework. Attention is centered on the natural-area parks of the western United States. (CH)

Growing privatization of land and restrictions within parks have led to a limited "right to wander" (the right to be on land or water for the purposes of sport, leisure, or pleasure with minimal limitations). Right wing political economies of the 1980s have placed further limits on access to wilderness. Presents alternatives that may reestablish…

Summaries are given on conference workshops and sessions on the topics of: (1) computers and their use in parks and leisure service agencies; (2) maintenance; (3) private initiatives in county park systems; (4) community education workshops; (5) trees and shrubs for the urban environment; (6) adjustments to severe fiscal constraints; (7) improving…