This brief glimpse into how schools responded to a national tragedy only hints at the magnitude of responses. No school board policy or university program had prepared American educators to respond to events like those of September 11 attack. Teachers and principals simply found themselves confronting a tragic event. Still, they quickly determined…

Historically public schools and public school teachers have been obvious targets for attacks by conservative critics. However, during the post World War II red scare, the rapid emergence of anti-communist sentiment and super-patriotic zeal dramatically increased their vulnerability. In many respects the arch conservatism of the 1950s has obvious…

World War II has been seen as a marker, not a period, in the history of education. This misconception persists in two recently published histories of U.S. school curriculum. Wartime curriculum history is a story of both change and prewar continuity in curriculum emphases, organizations, assumptions, and legitimations. Both change and continuity…