A high proportion of adults with intellectual disability (ID) who live in supported accommodation (i.e. group homes) engage in challenging behaviours (CB). A lack of engagement in meaningful activity, social isolation, communication difficulties, and boredom can be triggers for challenging behaviour. There is a small body of literature on staff/resident interactions in the context of challenging behaviour but even less research has addressed resident-to-resident interactions. Specific Aims: This study aims to examine the types of interactions in which residents of shared accommodation settings engage, with whom; and explore staff's understanding of residents' needs, communication abilities, and relationships. Method: Observations of interactions with 12 residents who were identified as having challenging behaviours were conducted using momentary time sampling. Direct care staff who supported the residents were also interviewed. Findings: Residents were infrequently engaged in activity or interactions and where these did occur, they were primarily with staff rather than with co-residents. Discussion: Staff play an important role in supporting and facilitating people with ID and CB to expand their social interactions and engagement in meaningful activity, which can have a significant impact on the occurrences of challenging behaviour. The implications for practice in shared accommodation sites are discussed.