In 3 experiments, we examined the effects of using concrete and/or abstract visual problem representations during instruction on students' problem-solving practice, near transfer, problem representations, and learning perceptions. In Experiments 1 and 2, novice students learned about electrical circuit analysis with an instructional program that…

In this study, the authors examined the moderating effects of different dimensions racial identity (i.e., racial centrality and public regard) on perceptions of teacher discrimination and academic achievement among a nationally represented sample of African American and Caribbean Black adolescents. The findings revealed that perceived teacher…

Thirty-six visual and auditory tests were given to 113 fifth and sixth grade students. Second-order analysis yielded two well-defined factors representing Fluid and Crystallized Intelligence and two perceptual factors corresponding to General Visualization and General Auditory Function. Perceptual factors were not clearly separated from broad…

Student perceptions were obtained on the emphasis given to cognitive objectives derived from the six levels of the Bloom taxonomy. Findings may suggest empirical ways of identifying the structure of curriculum and instruction. (Author/RC)

Kindergarteners and first and fourth graders watched an educational television program containing three types of humor. Information acquisition and funniness were assessed. Compared with distortion-free humor, irony resulted in overestimates of properties of novel objects introduced in the program. Age did not diminish perceptual distortion.…

Few children could segment both speech and print conventionally but more could identify the number of letter groups corresponding to their own unconventional segmentation of speech. (Authors)

The relationship between cognitive restructuring and perception of the upright (tests of which may be used to measure field dependence-independence [FDI]) was investigated. Data analysis of 34 tests administered to high school seniors, including 12 measures of FDI, resulted in five dimensions, including two associated with FDI. (Author/AEF)

The significance students attached to certain teacher behaviors which were intended to reinforce them was examined in relation to their attitude toward the teacher, their sex, and social-class background. (Author)

To assess the effects of individual attentional focus differences on measures of mental skills, distractibility was studied for 272 first- and second-year college undergraduates through a speeded visual search task and tests of mental and verbal ability. Results suggest that perceptual/attentional factors are an important aspect of measured…

Results suggest that knowledge of student learning outcomes and reduction of intent action discrepancy have minimal impact on teacher decisions to modify classroom procedures. (Author/BJG)

Hemifield differences in the recognition of briefly presented words were investigated in children ranging in grade level from second grade through college. (Editor)

The development, initial standardization, and substantive data of the University Residence Environment Scales (URES) are presented. (Authors)

Three methods of assessing college environment (student perceptions, student self-reports, and objective institutional data) were compared by use of multimethod factor analysis, a new technique which removes method variance by focusing on correlations between rather than within methods of measurement. (CK)

This study investigated how one important variable, the child's performance, affected the teacher's perception of a child and the causal source of his performance. (Author)