It is proposed that knowledge of motor commands is used to distinguish self-generated sensation from externally generated sensation. In this paper, we show that the sense of self-agency, that is the sense that I am the one who is generating an action, largely depends on the degree of discrepancy resulting from comparison between the predicted and…

A precise grading system in physical education has a salutary effect on motor learning. (JD)

Two important components of skill learning are the learning process itself (motor acquisition) and the ability to transfer what has been learned to new task variants (motor transfer). Many studies have documented age-related declines in the ability to learn new manual motor skills. In this study, I tested whether the degree of savings at transfer…

An experiment apparatus tested two hypotheses: a) supplementary feedback aids learning when it provides information by which to distinguish long target contacts from short ones; b) supplementary feedback, especially if immediate, facilitates performance by providing secondary reinforcement. Five groups, of 20 subjects each, were given 60 trials,…

The purpose of this study was to determine if performance and learning of mildly retarded children on a rotary pursuit task was facilitated by various types of supplementary, concurrent sensory feedback and if supplementary feedback presented during either correct or incorrect responding differentially affected motor learning. (Author/SJL)

Learning is possible in the absence of knowledge of performance when knowledge of results is present, but a higher level of performance is achieved when both types of information are present. (MM)

Evaluation of students' dance performance provides feedback for developing skills and self-awareness. (JD)

J. Adams' application of the closed-loop theory (involving feedback and correction) on human learning and motor performance is described. The theory's applicability to behavioral kinesiology (the science of human movement) is discussed in the context of physical therapy, stressing the importance of knowledge of results as a motivating factor.…

INSTRUCTIONAL AND EQUIPMENT CONSIDERATIONS IN THE DESIGN OF THE STUDENT MACHINE INTERFACE, THE POINT OF CONTACT OF A LEARNER WITH AN EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM DISPLAY, ARE DISCUSSED. INSTRUCTIONAL ASPECTS ARE CONSIDERED WITH RESPECT TO THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE INDIVIDUALIZATION OF THE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT, THE SEQUENCING OF INSTRUCTIONAL STEPS, AND…

Article concludes with emphasis on the necessity for physical education programs to be based on sound scientific evidence. (MB)

Results confirmed that children differentially use knowledge of results and suggested that any description of motor skill acquisition must account for the complex interaction between developmental level and the difficulty of the task at hand. (Author/DB)

Shortened version of this paper was read at the American Psychological Association Meeting, September, 1966. Analyzes differential responses to the race of the experimenter. (JM)

The task classification scheme suggests that motor skills be categorized as the processing demands placed on a learner, feedback availability, and pacing conditions. Potential learning strategies were identified and defined in relation to the classification scheme. (JN)

Practice and repetition are necessary for the acquisition of motor skills. Effective practice depends on: (1) a clearly defined goal or purpose; (2) a carefully structured, gamelike progression of practice opportunities; and (3) the provision of feedback or knowledge of the results of the motor performance. (JN)