Two studies employing rod-and-frame test (RFT) and a size-estimation measure of "extensiveness of scanning reported. Results indicated perceptual differentiation interpretation of RFT performance erroneous for certain kinds of Ss. (Author)

Gender differences on horizontality and verticality tasks were examined to determine whether they are mediated by gender differences in expectancies for success. Gender differences in performance were found, with males performing better than females. Gender differences in expectancies for success did not fully account for gender differences in…

AN EXPERIMENT WAS CONDUCTED TO DETERMINE THE FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SUCH VARIABLES AS TYPE OF MATERIAL, NUMBER OF RELEVANT ATTRIBUTES, AND PERFORMANCE OF A PERSON ATTAINING CONCEPTS. CONCEPT ATTAINMENT BOARDS OF THE BRUNER (1956) TYPE WERE USED, AND VARIOUS PARAMETERS CONTAINED IN THE BOARDS WERE MANIPULATED. THE NUMBER OF RELEVANT AND…

Recent attention has been focused on the possibility that some women may fear success in competitive achievement situations. The present research suggested that fear of success might be mediated by an anxiety process of a self-presentational process. Experiments were conducted which attempted to distinguish between the two. In addition, studies…

The Ss who had given more Human Movement (M) responses to an inkblot test were found to be more responsive than Ss who had given less M responses to changes in procedures and directions which altered the interest value of the task. This effect was primarily found for the female sample. (Author)

In this study involving 20 four- and five-year-old children, the boys were more motivated by intermittent reinforcement from their fathers, while girls were more motivated by fathers' continuous reinforcement. (RL)

Male and female subjects read descriptions of either a male or a female stimulus person performing well in an emergency situation which had been previously shown to be more masculine than feminine. Subjects then allocated rewards, and evaluated performance, effort, and ability of the stimulus person. On the basis of equity theory it was assumed…

Research on gender differences in group performance suggests that males excel at brainstorming while females excel at human relations and integration. To investigate the relations among gender, interaction style, and task performance, 264 college students (130 female, 134 male) worked in three person same sex groups on a production task which…

Studies relationships among sex difference, performance expectation, and actual performance in video game competition between female and male subjects. Finds that self-confidence of females is not lower than that of males after competing against a good opponent, indicating that performance expectancies may be more related to skill level than to…

Investigated differences in spatial task function by gender, noting whether emphasizing speed or accuracy would influence performance in various spatial domains. College students completed tasks of spatial perception, spatial visualization, and mental rotation under speed-emphasis, accuracy-emphasis, or control conditions. Results revealed gender…

Based on research indicating the existence of a generalized positive stereotype of physically attractive individuals, the present study was designed to investigate the effects of an individual's attractiveness on attributions about his achievement-related behavior. In the context of an accuracy-of-person perception task, 162 male and female…

The effects of the genders of the assessor and the assessee on performance observation ratings of beginning teachers were studied in public schools in Louisiana. Data was collected in the pilot phase of the Louisiana Teacher Assessment Program for Interns, which included both teacher observation and structured interview. Of the assessees who…

Randomly assigned children between ages of three and eight years to sex, age, and race homogeneous three-person groups and asked them to engage in complex, gender-neutral task. On 13 task performance dimensions, found only one significant difference. Remaining 12 dimensions showed mixed but insignificant differences. Concluded that both genders…

Four experiments using Piaget's water-level task investigated whether containers tilted at larger angles produce more error than those at smaller angles. Found that the orientation effect occurred between genders but was absent in male subjects when manipulated within subjects; males performed more accurately on easier stimulus trials; and mental…

Sober alcoholics and peer controls were tested and retested 14 months later on neuropsychological performance tests (NTP) and also had event-related potentials (ERPs) recorded to visual stimulation. Both NTP and ERP measures distinguished male alcoholics from controls; NTP only distinguished female alcoholics from controls. Both measures…