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| Performance Factors | 7 |
| Elementary School Students | 6 |
| Motivation | 5 |
| Academic Achievement | 4 |
| Learning Processes | 2 |
| Motivation Techniques | 2 |
| Performance | 2 |
| Retention (Psychology) | 2 |
| Rewards | 2 |
| Self Concept | 2 |
| Task Performance | 2 |
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Author
| Clifford, Margaret M. | 7 |
| Cleary, T. Anne | 1 |
| Hiatt, Deirdre | 1 |
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Peer reviewedClifford, Margaret M.; And Others – Journal of Educational Research, 1972
The study examined the effects of emphasizing the competitive environment in a testing situation through the use of rewards and game techniques. Neither rewards nor games had an effect on test performance. (Author/MF)
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Educational Research, Educational Testing, Games
Download full textClifford, Margaret M.; Hiatt, Deirdre – 1972
This study, conducted with 279 5th graders, examined the effects of high norms (HN) and low norms (LN) used as goals in a 2-week vocabulary learning task. Ss in the LN condition yielded significantly higher retention scores; performance and interest scores were not significantly different. These results were compared with those of a related…
Descriptors: Achievement, Elementary School Students, Group Norms, Learning
Clifford, Margaret M. – 1971
The introductory discussion focuses on research which shows relationships between self-perception and school performance, and emphasizes especially a locus of control measurement scale developed to assess children's belief in internal vs. external control in academic situations exclusively. Internality is seen as constituting a motivational…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Elementary School Students, Individual Power, Performance
Clifford, Margaret M. – 1971
The possible advantages and disadvantages of using local or national educational achievement norms as standards for classroom performance are weighed against the more common situation wherein students are involved in face-to-face competition with their classroom peers. This introductory discussion concludes that the motivational value of "average…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Elementary School Students, Motivation, Motivation Techniques
Peer reviewedClifford, Margaret M.; Cleary, T. Anne – Child Development, 1972
Purpose of the study is to examine relationships between internality and achievement-related variables in a performance situation where students determine the difficulty level at which they desire to work. (Authors)
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Elementary School Students, Intelligence, Performance Factors
Clifford, Margaret M. – 1971
A study is reported in which the effects of 2 competitive treatments on mean classroom performance, interest and retention were examined with the use of a 10-day vocabulary-learning task. Sixty-six 5th grade classrooms were randomly assigned to one of 3 conditions: (1) control; (2) competition with reward; and (3) competition in a game setting.…
Descriptors: Affective Behavior, Cognitive Ability, Cognitive Development, Elementary School Students
Clifford, Margaret M. – 1971
The effects of competitive treatments on performance, interest, and retention were examined with the use of a ten-day vocabulary task administered to 2,256 sixth graders. The four major objectives of this experiment were: (1) to examine educational competition within a learning, as opposed to a testing, situation; (2) to examine competition using…
Descriptors: Classroom Research, Cognitive Processes, Elementary School Students, Grade 6
