Background: The role of gender in both spatial and mathematics performance has been extensively studied separately, with a male advantage often found in spatial tasks and mathematics from adolescence. Spatial reasoning is consistently linked to mathematics proficiency, yet despite this, little research has investigated the role of spatial…

Background: Writing is a particularly demanding activity, which poses unique motivational challenges for students. Despite the wealth of research on the relation between writing motivation and writing performance, little is known about the role of students' writing frequency in writing motivation and writing performance. Aims: We aimed to: (1)…

The study aimed to determine the effects of classroom observation of parents to the performance of pupils in Pandayan Elementary School for the school year 2019-2020. A descriptive research method was utilized in this study. A research-made instrument for pre-test and post-test aligned with the given learning competencies in the K to 12 Curriculum…

The present study aims to examine the pedagogical effectiveness of a Chinese mathematical dialogue-based intelligent tutoring system used for teaching mathematics. The mathematical unit 'multiplication and division of time expressions' was taught to 134 fifth-grade students in three types of instruction conditions: the intelligent tutoring system…

This study examined associations between students' participation in sport out of school and their calibration of sport performance in physical education. Four hundred twenty nine fifth and sixth grade students reported their sport participation and performed a basketball shooting test after they had estimated their performance in this test. Two…

The objective of this study was to investigate whether the class scheduling of Nature and Biology classes in blocks results in better learning success for primary school students, and whether this depends on the average student success rate (i.e., student performance categories), age, or prior knowledge. For this study, we have assumed that block…

Reading is an essential skill needed for academic success. It is an area experiencing much attention given the research supporting the need to be proficient in reading, specifically reading at grade level, as this has shown to contribute to graduation rates, performance on state exams, and career success. Those experiencing a reading disability…

This comparative research study examined Grade Five Malaysian Aboriginal pupils' mathematical performance on 30 computation and 20 word problem items in the academic Malay language and community "Temiar" language. The items were constructed in the Malay language before adapting and audio recording into the "Temiar" language…

Autonomous learning materials play a vital role in developing students' autonomy. By providing students with appropriate autonomous learning materials to meet their self-diagnosis learning needs, this can effectively improve students' academic performance. During the COVID-19 pandemic, students' learning changed from offline to online. However, in…

At school, pupils often cooperate on common projects and must coordinate their different individual actions. However, grades are pervasively used even in cooperative situations, which make the pupils' differences in achievement and their relative rank salient and may reduce their inclination to work constructively with others. Thus, we…

Background: Although Indonesia is one of the world's most populated countries with a high penetration of internet usage there has been little research on SNS usage in Indonesia, especially involving children. Instead, SNS research in Indonesia has focused on university students and political, marketing, and disaster mitigation issues. Aim/Purpose:…

This study was conducted to examine the factors that influence informational text comprehension and to determine how these vary for students with higher and lower component skills. The sample included 177 students in grades 3-5. Regression analyses were used to predict informational text comprehension with decoding efficiency, vocabulary…

This paper analyzes the lasting impacts of a project aimed at teaching children how to read and write at age 6. Using a Difference-in-Differences methodology, the results show that it is not enough to get children literate at age 6 to secure lasting effects; the instruction process is also an important factor: Only pupils exposed to the Phonics…

Maternal support is known as a protective factor during infancy, childhood, and adolescence. However, less is known about the conditions leading to support-seeking behaviors toward mothers in early adolescence. In comparison with younger children, it is assumed that the specific nature of these conditions changes with continuing cognitive…

The current study examined the link between academic enablers and different types of reading achievement measures. Academic enablers are skills and behaviors that support, or enable, students to perform well academically, such as engagement, interpersonal skills, motivation, and study skills. The sample in this study consisted of 61 third-,…