As a result of the pandemic and other factors, teachers are leaving the profession, or planning to leave, earlier than expected and at a much higher rate than before the pandemic (Will, 2022). Though the estimated percentage varies, a survey published in 2022 and conducted by the National Education Association (NEA) of public school teachers…

The study aimed to examine the difference between cheating and persistence during a persistence task to advance persistence measurement. Through a within-subject design (N = 78, mean age: 5.2 years), two different versions of the puzzle box task were administered. The original puzzle box task was administered in condition I (i.e., open version).…

School districts across the United States are faced with teacher shortages. These teacher shortages are largely due to teacher attrition. The separation of teachers in the profession leaves schools and districts to continuously need to replace teachers. Recruitment is not enough to close the gap in the teacher shortage. Schools need to look to…

Executive functions (EF) and task persistence are key factors in academic development. However, EF and persistence have rarely been examined together, and it remains unclear whether these two constructs are independently related to intellectual development. The present study addressed this gap by examining whether EF and persistence in…

Background: It is widely recommended for teachers to provide positive feedback to foster the development and maintenance of children's motivation and perseverance. However, not all positive feedback has positive consequences and an important differentiation can be made between positive person-oriented feedback (i.e. 'you are very talented') and…

In a competition-driven meritocratic learning environment, academic achievement can have a direct effect on self-esteem and self-concept. As such, academic achievement can act as an antecedent to grit and self-esteem. This study examined the longitudinal reciprocal relationships of academic achievement, consistency of interest (CI), perseverance…

Principal leadership is an important factor impacting student performance which has a major effect on student achievement. Consequently, during the 21st century, there has been a paradigm shift in principals exiting the public school system, which has resulted in the high level of principal turnover being a major challenge that public school…

In the classroom setting, social context and self-systems affect student engagement for school success. Students' perceived goal orientation of their teachers and grit influence their engagement in academic learning. However, adolescents' efforts for academic success related to teachers' goal orientation and grit remains under-researched in the…

Moving is common during middle childhood, but links between move type and children's development are less well understood. Using nationally-representative, longitudinal data (2010-2016) of [approximately]9900 U.S. kindergarteners (52% boys, 51.48% White, 26.11% Hispanic/Latino, 10.63% Black, 11.78% Asian/Pacific Islander), we conducted…

This study examined the influence of addition and subtraction practice embedded within a word-problem intervention for Grade 3 students experiencing word-problem difficulty. Students (N = 448) were randomly assigned to one of two variants of a word-problem intervention or a business-as-usual comparison condition. Within the word-problem…

The purpose of this mixed-methods study was to increase grit, growth mindset, and self-efficacy in pre-adolescent students attending a K-5 public elementary school in Northwest New Mexico by implementing intervention activities in which students were given opportunities to learn and develop grit and growth mindset, thus resulting in improved…

This study explores the contribution of a person-centred approach as applied in the drama course of a teacher education programme to the growth of the professional ethics of a group of pre-service primary teachers. It is founded on three questions, which examine the conducive epistemological conditions of the drama course to the development of…

To perform well in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) and respond to rapid social changes, many countries have implemented curriculum reforms. The success of curriculum reform relies on teachers' rational, cognitive and emotional feelings for the challenge of implementation. Teachers' receptivity, growth mindset and grit has…

In recent years, Dweck (2014) and Duckworth (2016) introduced two important concepts in student learning: mindsets and grit. These variables can drastically change the way individuals handle a learning situation, the degree of effort and persistence they display, and eventually, their level of achievement. Recent literature on self-theories…

Using a qualitative case study method, we examined how students talked, acted, and felt in structured inquiry in attempt to understand how students' epistemic emotions interact with their engagement in practices. Participants were four 5th graders, and data included audio recordings of the students' talk in structured inquiry for learning a…