Nonverbal communication is critical to the success of the communication process. Examines nonverbal techniques for enhancing communication: appearance, voice, body movement and posture, gestures, facial expressions, touch, and space. (LMI)

In an Illinois study of the degree to which availability of alternative recreational opportunities influenced household expenditures, relative effects of site characteristics were compared to spatial context within which recreators made destination choices. The principal factors influencing per person per day expenditures were agglomerative and…

This paper considers features of domestic and social life aboard sail training vessels, exploring the particular character of life at sea, and how these features contribute to the distinctive character of sail training experience as a context for learning. Methodologically, the study lies in the sociological tradition of ethnography, focusing on…

The teacher's body has a dubious status within contemporary pedagogic practice. The impact of progressivism in many western countries, with its emphasis on student-centred learning, has resulted in a marginalisation of the teacher's role in many classrooms. While its influence appears to be waning, in Australian primary schools, student-centred…

This booklet presents five activities that deal with nonverbal communication. The booklet outlines instructional objectives for the student: to describe nonverbal communication and identify at least three examples; to explain why the face is an important source of information; to recognize and describe environmental factors that influence…

This paper addresses the spatiotemporal, discourse and emotional or connotative functions of demonstratives in Aklanon narrative discourse. The demonstrative system of Aklanon in terms of the spatial relation between speaker and hearer is described. Discourse functions of demonstratives (exophoric, endophoric, cataphoric, and anaphoric reference)…

This paper provides a literature review of the elaboration likelihood model (ELM) as applied in persuasion. Specifically, the paper addresses distraction with regard to effects on persuasion. In addition, the application of proxemic violations as peripheral cues in message processing is discussed. Finally, the paper proposes to shed new light on…

A study assessed whether space violations of women occur even when women do not yield their space, and further examined who violated the space of women when it was violated. Two persons of average height and weight (either a male-male, male-female, or female-female combination) were positioned across from each other in a busy hallway such that…

Interpersonal distance measures were used in an attempt to objectify the sense of isolation said to be present in a child with fatal illness as he nears deat h. A theoretical explanation of the results is offered based on social learning theory. (Author)

Discusses the components of paralanguage, that is, kinesics, proxemics, and paraverbal features. Argues that paralanguage plays a crucial role in human interaction and is highly culture-specific. Discusses its implications with respect to second language learning and ways in which it can be included in the second-language classroom. (SED)

Use level, visual encounters, crowding expectations, and feelings were examined by regression techniques to explain perceived crowding among innertube floaters. Degree of user specialization and specificity for any given activity and place is offered as an explanation for the discrepancy from previous findings. (Author/DF)

Observing children's use of space and utilizing materials gathered from the community are discussed as ways of reflecting community in the classroom environment. (RH)

Three indicators of the perceived conflict between urban cross-country skiers and snowmobilers in Alberta show that the conflict is asymmetrical. Skiers perceive snowmobilers as interfering negatively with their activity, while snowmobilers enjoy or are indifferent to meeting skiers. (Authors/JN)

Describes a unit of study for gifted, upper-elementary students based on field trips to the "Personal Spaces, Personal Places" exhibit at the Delaware Art Museum. Students explored their own personal spaces, imagined new ones, examined the use of space in paintings, and designed puppets to live in the exhibit. (AM)

Used Family Approach-Stop Measure of personal space to examine relevance of personal space concept in 40 intact, nonclinical families with adolescents. Found that spatial distance between parents and older adolescent was greater than spatial distance between parents and younger adolescent. Found significant positive relationship between adolescent…