The results suggested group space boundaries increased with group size (from groups of one to two to four) if group members were strangers, but not if group members were friends. The only nonspatial variable found to correlate with boundary size was personal identity. (Author)

The study investigated the influence of spatial density on four 3- and 4-year-old children's social behavior during freeplay periods. Group data analyses indicated that the restricted freeplay setting resulted in a greater percentage of intervals with child-child socially directed behavior. (Author/DB)

The nature of communication can be affected by the violation of private space. Types of personal space are defined. Observations are reported concerning the behaviors some adult basic education students display to define their need for personal space. Implications for the classroom are discussed. (Author)

Results of study of 256 adolescents and preadolescents randomly assigned to same-sex grade-level pairs in two social situations--a neutral situation and a "male-appropriate" athletic situation-- showed no differences between sexes in overall amount of touching or proxemics, though girls smiled significantly more often than males. (CMG)

Administered the proxemic test and a psychometric test battery to 49 incarcerated offenders on two occasions, with a three-year follow-up. The Behind distance was largest on both occasions. There were no changes in the four distance measures over time. An algebraic formula was devised to calculate personal space area. (JAC)

In mentoring, individual, group, or organizational issues may arise, and mentors must discern the difference in order to tailor interventions accordingly. An important dynamic is the unconscious: what individuals or organizations are unaware that they are communicating. (SK)

Grounded blends may be literal or metaphorical, the latter allowing for an even richer variety of blend characteristics. This contribution of metaphor is achieved largely through the utilization of body partitioning. Body partitioning may result in: (1) the appearance of a single, coherent source-domain scene iconically represented; (2) a single…

This booklet presents nine class activities dealing with nonverbal communication. Activities in the booklet deal with facial expressions, mimes, body language, "clothes talk," personal space, and mixed messages. Many of the activities in the booklet involve coloring or drawing on illustrations provided. (RS)

The results of this study indicate that the relative relations between a child's sex and body type and the interpersonal distance used toward him remain stable from kindergarten through sixth grade. (JMB)

Examined was the relationship between personal space and sex roles. Feminine females (N=25), androgynous females (N=25) and masculine males (N=25) viewed a film of male and female approaching stimulus persons in distress and non-distress conditions. Subjects marked the Comfortable Interpersonal Distance Scale at the point where they would prefer…

Finds that seven-month-old infants are sensitive to pictorial interposition whereas five-month-old infants are not. Suggests that sensitivity to pictorial depth information first appears between five and seven months of age. (Author)

This book features 128 exploration exercises to help dancers improve their focus, observe and explore movement systematically, and refine their techniques to create better dances. It explores the fine line separating dance and movement. Nine chapters include: (1) "Creating Spatial Awareness" (using personal and general space and focusing…

The present study presents empirical information regarding the relationship between several methods of assessing proxemic behavior. Information was collated and evaluated with respect to four methods of measuring proxemic behavior: in vivo participation, observation of live actors, felt-board placements, and preferential response to photographs.…

To meet an increased demand for campus housing, Hofstra University (New York) converted double dormitory rooms to triples. Specially designed furniture allowing each student personal space was the key to acceptance by the students. (Author/MLF)

Suggests ethnic or cultural differences in use of space should be considered when adopting approaches in program and building design. Cites ways to allow for these differences in educational and architectural planning. (Author/BK)