In this article, the authors review basic conceptual issues in research on children's emotion-related self-regulation, including the differentiation between self-regulation that is effortful and voluntary and control-related processes that are less amenable to effortful control. In addition, the authors summarize what researchers know about…

The goal of this study was to test if both effortful control (EC) and impulsivity, a reactive index of temperament, uniquely predict adolescents' academic achievement, concurrently and longitudinally (Time 1: "N" = 168, X-bar[subscript age] = 12 years). At Time 1, parents and teachers reported on students' EC and impulsivity.…

The relations of parenting and temperament (effortful control and anger/frustration) to children's externalizing problems were examined in a 3.8-year longitudinal study of 425 native Chinese children (6-9 years) from Beijing. Children's experience of negative life events and coping efficacy were examined as mediators in the parenting- and…

Discusses research on the role of individual differences in emotionality and regulation in empathy-related responding (sympathy and personal distress). Links sympathy to intense emotionality and high regulation. Empathy-related responding is better predicted by a combination of emotionality and regulation than by either separately. Examples are…

Examined change and consistency in emotionality among children, ages 4 to 12, every 2 years for 8 years. Data revealed that: early individual differences in emotionality and emotion regulation predict similar functioning years later; and that children become more emotionally regulated and less emotionally intense with age. (LBT)

Examined the relations of preschool and kindergarten children's responses to hypothetical social problem situations expressed through puppet interaction to the children's general social behavior at school, behavior in potential social conflict situations, and temperamental characteristics. Children's enacted friendliness and aggression were…

Used a longitudinal sample to examine the relation of 8- to 10-year olds' teacher-reported dispositional sympathy to regulation and emotionality. Found that sympathy correlated with adults' reports of regulation and low negative emotionality contemporaneously and, to some degree, two and four years prior. The pattern of correlations changed little…

Study examined relation of children's negative emotionality and regulation to current and subsequent sociometric status throughout the year. Measures of emotional intensity, regulation and aggression completed by teachers for 74 four- to six-year olds at two points during the year, indicated individual differences in regulation, and emotionality…

Four- to six-year-olds and their mothers participated in a study of the relationship between mothers' reactions to children's negative emotion and children's temperament and anger behaviors. Mothers who viewed their children as able to regulate their emotional responses reported more supportive reactions than other mothers, whereas mothers who…

Examined consistency in prosocial dispositions, using longitudinal data from preschool through early adulthood. Found that spontaneous prosocial behavior observed in preschools predicted actual prosocial behavior, other- and self-reported prosocial behavior, self-reported sympathy, and perspective taking in childhood to early adulthood. Prosocial…

Examined relations of children's regulation and emotionality to their social functioning. Found that resiliency mediated effects of individual differences in attentional regulation on social status and socially appropriate behavior, and that negative emotionality moderated the positive relation between attentional control and resiliency. Also…

Examined relations of parents' reactions to first- through fourth-graders' negative emotions with children's social and emotional competence at school and the moderating role of children's dispositional emotionality. Found that problem-focused parental reactions related positively to socioemotional competence for boys but negatively for girls.…