This study investigated the effectiveness of Individual Counseling and a Parent Educational Program in modifying underachieving behavior and measured personality traits, peer relationships, and perceived family attitudes. The sample was comprised of fifth-grade students, male and female. The treatment duration was an academic year. The…

Early personality and environmental characteristics that predict later problematic aggression and depression in children were investigated longitudinally. A developmental psychopathology approach was taken. (This approach assumes that patterns of adaptation and maladaptation in development can best be understood when explored simultaneously and…