The differentiation of personality by intelligence hypothesis suggests that there will be greater individual differences in personality traits for those individuals who are more intelligent. Conversely, less intelligent individuals will be more similar to each other in their personality traits. The hypothesis was tested with a large sample of…

Background: Substantial evidence suggests that a Five-Factor Model personality assessment generates a valid description of childhood individual differences and relates to a range of psychological outcomes. Less is known, however, about naturally occurring profiles of personality and their links to psychopathology. The current study explores…

The purpose of this study is to examine the differences between groups of psychology students and groups of psychology professionals based on the personality trait of Extraversion, and its facets, as measured by the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO PI-R; Costa & McCrae, 1992). Previous applications of the NEO PI-R have focused on…

Temperament is important for considering differences among diagnostic groups and for understanding individual differences that predict problematic behavior. Temperament characteristics, such as negative affectivity, effortful control, and surgency (highly active and impulsive), are predictive of externalizing behavior in typically developing…

In 1921, Carl Jung wrote about four different types of personality, identified 24 centuries ago by Hippocrates. He theorized that these differences were not abnormalities in personality. Instead, he maintained that human behavior is predictable and classifiable that everyone has and acts upon personal preferences, established in early childhood.…

The symposium focused on some problems and issues in the assessment of human personality traits and was planned around a research study being conducted by Educational Testing Service under contract with ONR. The study is trying to provide a service to researchers who are working (through the use of factor analysis) toward a theoretical basis in…

The differing conclusions of researchers investigating personality factors in drug users are briefly reviewed. This study, particularly, examines the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) profiles of self-reported college drug users with the intent of understanding their personalities. The specific research question was: what are the…

Assessed temperament of newborn twins using comprehensive neonatal exam that focused on irritability, resistance to soothing activity, and reinforcement value. Some infants were later assessed at 9 months. Emotional activity appeared to be core dimension stretching over ages and is discussed in relation to formulations of infant temperament.…

Temperament refers to basic dimensions of personality that are grounded in biology and explain individual differences in the developmental process rather than universal dynamics. Temperament is currently an active area of research with documented applicability to a variety of developmental and mental health outcomes such as conscience formation,…

Several researchers have recently suggested, on limited data, that personality measures are more valid for individuals for whom inter-item variance is low. Questions remain concerning the robustness of the effect reported in these studies and whether general traitedness or traitedness within specific dimensions will moderate correlations other…

The Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding (BIDR) is one of the most widely used social desirability scales. The authors conducted a reliability generalization study to examine the typical reliability coefficients of BIDR scores and explored factors that explained the variability of reliability estimates across studies. The results indicated…

Personality differences betweeen adolescent males who engage in illegal behaviors with accomplices and those who engage in illegal behaviors alone are examined. Contrary to the findings of earlier researchers, in the present study, no personality differences between the two groups were found. (Author)

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the underlying dimensions of the 10 Rorschach inkblots by means of standard multidimensional scaling procedures. The question of whether such emergent dimensions would be related to standard Rorschach scoring categories was raised; and the possibility of individual characteristics was explored.…

The purpose of this study was to compare Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) results of 53 adolescent poor sleepers with a matched control group of 53 good sleepers. Adolescents, like adults, show a highly significant relationship between neurotic personality functioning and poor sleep. (Author)