Findings from early and current phenomenological studies indicate that stylistic characteristics are indicators of psychological forces that guide interactions with the world. Implications of how this theory relates to learning and teaching styles are discussed. (DF)

The world view of students was investigated, measuring covert causal assumptions about the relationship between the person and physical and social reality. The results indicate that people place themselves in particular intellectual arenas because of their preexisting ideology. Suggestions for further study are made. (PS)

Summarizes theoretical perspectives and research findings concerning the effects of anxiety upon personal development, mentioning the link between fear and anxiety. The differences between state and trait anxiety, and the limits of measurement with these two types of anxiety are noted. (Author/DB)

Personal attitudes toward social issues help people meet their needs either through benefits received from the attitude object or the attitude's expression. The personality, situational, and domain characteristics likely to influence the functional value of attitudes are discussed. Strategies for changing attitudes are briefly considered. (PS)

This paper discusses those aspects of personality development relevant to language learning. In particular, second language learning is shown to entail personality modification. References are made to the place of values, attitudes, and the model of the world in personality; to the role of language learning in developing favorable cross-cultural…

Carl Jung's theory of psychological type is explored and related to education in this article. A model of the interaction between teacher, student, subject matter, and instructional alternatives is examined and the educational implications are discussed. This theory is used to illustrate how psychological-type influences teaching and learning…

Summarizes the theory of psychological differentiation and reviews recent cross-cultural research on the roles of child rearing, culture, and ecology in the development of individual, group, and sex differences in the field dependence-field independence cognitive style component of psychological differentiation. (SS)

The concept of "learning disposition" provides a useful way of examining longer-term outcomes of quality early childhood programs and outlines characteristics of a learning orientation or disposition in early childhood. The learning disposition involves the tendency to want to do something, sensitivity to being alert to the appropriate…

The article discusses the impact of cultural pluralism (the degree of cultural differences which are fostered and encouraged by society) on teacher training and advocates a broader, empirically based approach to teacher training in the area of multicultural special education. (DLS)

If academic material is to have the same force as social and personal experience at the college level, then educators need to allow more experiences on the academic road. That experiences are becoming more important is evidenced by the emergence of competency-based programs, experimental teaching programs, cluster colleges, and experiential…

Reviews the research methods, design, and main findings of the Austin-Mexico City cross-cultural study of personality and intellectual development using an overlapping longitudinal design. A span of 12 years of development was extrapolated from six years of repeated testing with children ages 6, 9, and 12 years. (SS)

This study drew on two approaches to identity formation, each postulating differing but complementary exploration components, in an effort to better understand the identity exploration process. Overall patterns of results revealed by hierarchical regression analyses were consistent with a process model of exploration and with the view that…

One component of psychotherapy is the type of psychotherapeutic atmosphere created by the therapist. The various character structures of patients require different psychotherapeutic atmospheres. Three character structures are identifiable, each distinguished by a style of social cognition which parallels a stage of cognition in the child as…

Summarizes the results of a study of 245 university undergraduates and describes the range of individual differences in cognitive style within that sample. Identifies four broad categories: (1) cognitive personality elements, (2) information processing style, (3) approaches to studying, and (4) instructional preferences. Discusses the differences…

Israeli children responded to a questionnaire assessing self-esteem, locus-of-control, and classroom social climate. Data were compared according to school grades, socioeconomic status, and sex. Affective personality variables and children's perception of the school social environment followed divergent patterns of development according to social…