Holland pioneered the theory of vocational personality and work environments, revolutionizing delivery of career assistance. His research has been central to development of knowledge about nonacademic accomplishments. He has influenced both researchers and psychologists. (163 references) (SK)

This paper reviews research stimulated by Holland's (1997) theory of vocational personalities and work environments. It describes new research extending an examination of one part of the theory, environmental identity, to a large sample of school environments. The Organizational Focus Scale (G.D. Gottfredson and Holland, 1996b) was administrated…

The paper uses John L. Holland's theory of careers to explain certain common career phenomena and concepts. An understanding of careers requires useful answers for four fundamental questions relating to vocational choice, vocational stability and instability, and vocational congruence. The theory of careers attempts to answer these fundamental…